Abstract
We propose a large scanning range silicon optical phased array (OPA), which is polarization multiplexed and bi-directional with only one waveguide grating antenna array. Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) are utilized to select the polarization states and propagation directions of the input light to the waveguide grating emitter array. By optimizing the parameters of the waveguide grating, the longitudinal far-field steering range is increased by four times compared to that of the conventional ones among the same wavelength range. The simulation results show that the 54.5° longitudinal scanning range could be realized with the tuning wavelength ranging from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. The high wavelength tuning efficiency is up to 0.545 °/nm. The beam steering range in the lateral direction is 77.8° via phase tuning.
Highlights
The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is an attractive platform for high-density integration due to its complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility [1]
Two identical optical phased array (OPA) connected by Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) switches are placed on either side of the emitter array
The two-stage MZI is used to select the propagation direction and polarization state of light propagated in the emitter
Summary
The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is an attractive platform for high-density integration due to its complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility [1]. The large spacing between the array emitters severely limits the beam steering angle Another commonly used method is to introduce wavelength tuning using waveguide grating into the one-dimensional (1D) OPA [5-11], 2D beam steering is realized by combining wavelength and phase tuning. By using the optical switches to select different emission gratings, the total scanning angle reaches 28.5° with wavelength ranging from 1520 nm to 1570 nm Such multi-lines OPA can overcome the limitation of steering angle caused by limited bandwidth, the complexity of the chip is increased dramatically. By optimizing the waveguide width and the grating period, dual polarization multiplexed and bi-directional OPAs could complement blind area in the scanning range Based on such design, the total longitudinal scanning angle reaches 54.5°with the wavelength scanning range from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. The lateral steering range is ~77.8°by using phase tuning with a waveguide interval 1.2 μm
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