Dual-phase valorization of chicken feathers and Delonix regia biomass into biochar and pozzolan using a top-lit updraft gasifier

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The increasing accumulation of biomass residues presents significant environmental challenges and demands sustainable valorization approaches. This study explores the dual-phase conversion of chicken feathers and Delonix regia biomass into biochar and pozzolan. Using top-lit updraft gasifier, chicken feathers and Delonix regia biomass were co-gasified to produce biochar and pozzolan. Biochar yields were 41.6%, 52%, and 37.1% for samples derived from 25 g of chicken feathers and 50 g of Delonix regia, 50 g of chicken feathers and 50 g of Delonix regia, and 50 g of Delonix regia alone, respectively, at a maximum temperature of 450 °C for 130 min. The biochar samples exhibited mesoporous structures with surface areas of 262.189, 329.460, and 381.154 m2/g, respectively. Pozzolan analysis revealed functional groups such as Si-O-Si, Si(Al)–O, and CO3 2-, indicating the presence of aluminosilicates, cristobalite, calcite, and mullite phases. SEM micrographs showed irregular pore networks in both biochar and pozzolan, while thermal analysis confirmed higher stability in pozzolan derived from chicken feathers and Delonix regia. The results shows the potential of these materials as eco-friendly additives in cement, heterogeneous catalysts, and pollutant remediation systems, contributing to sustainable construction practices and agricultural innovations. This approach demonstrates an efficient pathway for converting waste into high-value products while advancing circular economy goals.