Dual laser ablation process assisted the synthesis of titanium dioxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles embedded in chitosan for electrical applications

Abstract

Nanosecond laser ablation was used to prepare and develop chitosan (Cs) with both TiO2 nanoparticles and Cs/TiO2 various contents of graphene oxide (GO) to improve the characterization of the Cs/TiO2-GO nanocomposites. The XRD peaks were indexed according to the typical anatase with a tetragonal structure of TiO2. No peaks were observed in GO demonstrating that GO was destructed by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the crystalline regions in chitosan. Scherer's formula estimated the mean particle size (nearly 26 ± 4 nm). The major bands of chitosan and TiO2 were detected in FT-IR spectra. After the addition of GO, the IR spectra were similar because of the superposition of the carbon bands shared between GO and chitosan. Maxwell-Wagner model was used to explain the causes of the higher values of dielectric loss (ε′′), and dielectric loss (ε′′). The increase in the value of tan δ in low frequencies region was because of the ohmic elements' predominance in the nanocomposites samples' capacitive nature. The tan δ increases with raising frequencies and then gradually decreases. The Cole-Cole diagram illustrates a half-circle shape that describes contact effects and Debye model relaxation approach.