Abstract
Respiratory disorders are one of the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their aetiology is predominantly linked to an inappropriate cardio-respiratory adaptation at birth and to infections. Recent improvements in the management of these disorders diminished dramatically the mortality. These improvements are due to a better perinatal care organization, and to substantial advances in obstetrics and paediatrics, among which a wide use of antenatal steroids, exogenous surfactants and improvements in mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains a major problem in the outcome of the most preterm infants. A better knowledge of its physiopathology may open new therapeutic advances.
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