Abstract
ABSTRACT The consumption of flour and oil of ‘baru’ (Dipteryx alata Vogel) has increased due to its nutritional characteristics; however, there are few studies on the processing of the flour of this almond. The aim of this research was to study the drying kinetics of the whole and partially defatted flours of ‘baru’ almond, the residue of the oil extraction, as well as its thermodynamic properties. The whole flour was obtained by the grinding of seeds and the partially defatted flour by chemical extraction. The products were dried with forced air circulation oven at 60, 70 and 80 °C. Ten models, commonly used for drying, were selected for fitting. Based on statistical criteria, the Midilli model was selected to represent the drying kinetics of ‘baru’ almond flour. The difference in the drying rate between the flours tended to attenuate with the elevation of the temperature. Activation energy was 39.24 kJ mol-1 for the whole flour and 29.01 kJ mol-1 for partially defatted flour. Enthalpy and entropy decreased with increasing temperature, whereas Gibbs free energy increased. For the flour with highest oil concentration, the thermodynamic properties were higher than for the one with lowest oil concentration.
Highlights
IntroductionRESUMO: O consumo da farinha e do óleo de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) tem crescido em virtude de suas características nutricionais, contudo, são escassos os estudos a respeito do beneficiamento das farinhas desta amêndoa
Enthalpy and entropy decreased with increasing temperature, whereas Gibbs free energy increased
RESUMO: O consumo da farinha e do óleo de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) tem crescido em virtude de suas características nutricionais, contudo, são escassos os estudos a respeito do beneficiamento das farinhas desta amêndoa
Summary
RESUMO: O consumo da farinha e do óleo de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) tem crescido em virtude de suas características nutricionais, contudo, são escassos os estudos a respeito do beneficiamento das farinhas desta amêndoa. O presente trabalho propôs-se estudar a cinética da secagem das farinhas integral e a parcialmente desengordurada de amêndoas de baru, resíduo da extração do óleo, bem como suas propriedades termodinâmicas. Com base em critérios estatísticos, o modelo de Midilli foi selecionado para representação do fenômeno para as farinhas de amêndoas de baru. In addition to the mechanisms of water loss, the thermodynamic study of drying is indispensable. This provides important information on the design of drying systems for agricultural products, such as the determination of energy changes, properties of adsorbed water, and the study of the physical phenomena that occur on the surface of these products (Araújo et al, 2017; Corrêa et al, 2010)
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