Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition that is complex to diagnose and treat. Over the last two decades, major advances have occured in the treatment of DED and ocular surface disease. There has also been an equal increase in knowledge concerning the processes or mechanisms whereby the condition develops and progresses. This has led to a paradigm shift in DED management from simply lubricating and hydrating the ocular surface with artificial tears to strategies that stimulate natural production of tear constituents, maintain ocular surface epithelial health and barrier function, and inhibit the inflammatory factors that adversely impact the ability of the ocular surface and glandular epithelia to produce tears. Preliminary experience with this new therapeutic approach suggests that quality of life can be improved for many patients with dry eye, and that initiating these strategies early in the course of the disease may prevent potentially blinding complications of DED.
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