Drone forensics redefined: Integrating live, digital, and non-digital evidence acquisition systems.

Digital evidence plays a vital role in determining legal case admissibility in electronic- and cyber-oriented crimes. Considering the complicated level of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, performing the needed forensic investigation will be definitely faced by a number of challenges and obstacles, especially in digital evidence acquisition and analysis phases. Based on the currently available network forensic methods and tools, the performance of IoT forensic will be producing a deteriorated digital evidence trail due to the sophisticated nature of IoT connectivity and data exchangeability via the “things”. In this paper, a revision of IoT digital evidence acquisition procedure is provided. In addition, an improved theoretical framework for IoT forensic model that copes with evidence acquisition issues is proposed and discussed.

Superstition, risk-taking and risk perception of accidents among South African taxi drivers

BCFL logging: An approach to acquire and preserve admissible digital forensics evidence in cloud ecosystem

Road traffic accidents are a global issue. North Cyprus exhibits a similar trend to the rest of the world. Urbanization and the increasing number of vehicles come along with the increase of road traffic accidents. The objectives of the current study are to draw attention to the issue of road traffic accidents and to identify which factors are the main causes of road traffic accidents in North Cyprus. This article follows a two-stage study to examine the causes of this critical issue. In the first stage, a survey was conducted to determine local public opinions. The participants were asked about how environmental factors, vehicle factors, human factors, and road factors impact accidents. According to the survey outcomes, human factors and road factors have the most significant impact. In the second stage of the study, official data from official statistics were considered. The number of accidents, fatalities, and injured people are indicated initially followed by the causes of accidents. Negligent driving and speeding were identified to be the most frequent causes within the studied period. At the end of the study, the common causes of accidents in official statistics and in survey results were specified. Negligent driving and over-speeding were the major causes of road traffic accidents according to the results.

Due to increasing reliance on information and communication technology (ICT), the global shipping industry which plays a pivotal role in international trade is growing more vulnerable to sophisticated cyber risks. GPS spoofing, onboard system hacking, and shipping company ransomware attacks are just a few of the many cyber incidents that put maritime operations at risk. More often than not, the industry lacks comprehensive and effective policies for incident investigation and response, integrating standardized frameworks suitable for maritime operations. This study focuses on global shipping operations, investigating the possible application of computer forensic methodologies as an organized framework for cyber incident investigation. Traditionally the realm of corporate and law enforcement sectors, computer forensics encompasses the identification, preservation, analysis, and presentation of digital evidence. Adapted for maritime settings, computer forensics provides immense aid in the investigation of cyberattacks, system compromise analysis, and post-attack evidence preservation for legal proceedings. The proposed framework incorporates computer forensic methods while taking into account the specifics of operational and IT/OT system integration in shipping, evidence collection challenges in high seas, and the need to control and account for those International Domain custody. The methodology consists of incident analysis: detection, digital evidence acquisition, forensic analysis, and structured reporting. Utilizing contemporary cyber incidents at sea and consulting with industry experts, the study illustrates how incorporating computer forensics into maritime cybersecurity frameworks can improve responsiveness, responsibility, and deterrence. These results suggest that the shipping industry must begin to consider forensics as part of their strategic planning in order to defend against increasingly sophisticated cyber-attacks.

Introduction. Undesirable consequences of fast increase of the vehicle fleet are an increase in the level of accident rate and the number of deaths and injuries in traffic accidents (hereinafter accidents). The positive experience of other countries shows that objectives indicators for reducing the number of traffic accident victims by implementing reasonable measures to eliminate the dominant causes of accidents is the most effective way to achieve the desired result in improving traffic safety. Problem statement. Considering the enormous economic lost caused by traffic accidents, improving of traffic safety has been a priority in the policies of many countries around the world in recent decades. In this regard, the international community pays considerable attention to the development of targeted programs and implementation of traffic safety measures directed at preventing the road traffic injuries. In particular, on March 2, 2010, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution No. 64/255 «Improving Traffic Safety Worldwide», which proclaimed the 2011–2020 «Decade of Traffic Safety Actions» to reduce deaths from injuries sustained as a result of traffic accident — by 50%. Ukraine, through which seven international transport corridors run [1], did not stay away from solving the common problem and joined in 2011 to the UN initiative regarding reducing the death rate due to traffic accidents by at least 30 % [2]. For evaluation of the achieved result, it is important to analyze the accident statistics and determine whether the planned results were achieved through the implementation of planned measures to improve traffic safety. Purpose. The article considers the dynamics of accident rate and the number of traffic accidents victims in Ukraine for the period 2011–2020, as well as analyzes the main causes of traffic accidents on the public roads, including roads of state importance, to evaluate the outcome of the Decade of Traffic Safety Actions and providing the recommendations for further decreasing of mortality on domestic roads. Materials and methods. The study used the method of statistical processing of data on the number of accidents and their victims in Ukraine and the method of systematic analysis of risk factors that contributed to the accidents. Results. It is determined that the total number of fatalities in traffic accidents for the period 2011–2020 decreased in Ukraine by 27.8 %, and on the public roads — by 44.0 %. However, considering that since 2014 there are no data on traffic accidents in Autonomous Republic of Crimea and partly in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the indicator of decreasing of deaths per 100 traffic accidents and the result shows more modest achievements: in Ukraine it was possible to reduce deaths by 100 traffic accidents per 100 14 %, and on the public roads — only 5.4 %. Conclusions. Accident rate analysis provides an information basis for understanding the scale of the problem of traffic injuries, evaluating the results of implemented measures to improve traffic safety, the dynamics of positive or negative developments, and allows to plan reasonably the measures to improve road conditions to reduce mortality on roads.

A common interest of all shipping industry stakeholders is safe and accident-free shipping. To reach that goal, one of the most important actions that can be done is to analyze previous marine accidents. It means finding causes of accidents and, based on the analysis results, implementing effective corrective measures that can help reduce such undesired events in the future and improve safety efforts in shipping. Since it is widely accepted that human error accounts for 80–85% of all marine accidents, the research was focused on the human factor analysis in marine accidents. In this paper, 135 marine accident reports recorded in the UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) database from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. The analysis aimed to categorize causal factors and discover the ones that are the most common. The Human Factor Analysis and Classification System for Maritime Accidents (HFACS-MA) method was used to be able to do so. Furthermore, multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the number of accidents and the most common HFACS-MA causal factors. The research revealed that the causes of marine accidents are primarily dependent on two human factor categories and confirmed that by influencing those human factors categories, the number of marine accidents could be reduced and shipping safety improved in general.

We developed a multi-channel digital acquisition (DAQ) system, able to operate in connection to Germanium-based detectors and state-of-the-art charge sensitive preamplifiers. The DAQ system is composed of up to 6 front-end NIM modules, each one with 4 free running analog to digital converters (100 MHz, 14 bits) and up to 6 custom PCI based receiver boards inside a single personal computer (PC). We also implemented a comprehensive graphical user interface on the user PC and a digital triggering algorithm inside the DAQ system by means of programmable logic devices (FPGA) and a suitable global slow control for the whole system. The performances of the DAQ system in terms of energy resolution, sustained data transfer rate, digital trigger sensitivity, etc. are all within the specifications of the GERDA experiment for Phase-I.

Analysis of the causes and safety countermeasures of coal mine accidents: A case study of coal mine accidents in China from 2018 to 2022

In order to study the influence of the traffic characteristics on traffic accidents in extra long tunnel, the main measurement indicators of traffic flow during the time of traffic accidents are matched with the accident information to form a data set of the number of traffic accidents and the hourly traffic flow of the accident. Vehicle ratio and the number of accidents are mainly used as the characteristic indicators of traffic flow. At the same time, the longitudinal distribution law of the average speed of traffic flow and the number of traffic accidents in the extra long tunnel is studied. Based on the superposition principle, the extra long tunnel is divided into 5 traffic safety zones. This paper analyzes the distribution of time, morphology, cause of accident, and other characteristics in different traffic safety zones, finding that the shape of traffic accidents in extra long tunnel is mainly rear-end collisions. Improper operation and illegal lane changes are the main causes of accidents.

Introduction. During the hot season, there is a positive relationship between the number of accidents per thousand registered vehicles and the air temperature. At the same time, an increase in the temperature and intensity of solar radiation helps to reduce the braking distance of cars. Consequently, the likely reasons for the increase in the number of accidents is a decrease in the level of driving skills. The purpose of the work is to determine the most significant causes of road accidents in the summer, the degree of their impact on accidents in conditions of high temperature and solar radiation, as well as the impact of climate installations on the increase in accidents. Materials and methods. In order to identify the causes of the increase in accidents, an expert method was used, which consisted in a survey of 28 professional drivers with at least three years of experience. To assess the significance of factors, the reasons for the increase in accidents were ranked according to a four-point system, where the number “1” corresponded to the lowest significance, and the number “4” – the highest. It was also necessary to indicate the increase in the adverse effect as a percentage in certain conditions, compared with comfortable conditions.Results. It is revealed that the main reasons for the increase in the number of accidents committed in the summer are: an increase in traffic speed, an increase in the frequency of maneuvering vehicles, an increase in the number of incorrect decisions and an increase in the reaction time of drivers. The direct effect of solar radiation, along with the effect of high temperatures that go beyond the comfort zone, is the cause of accidents. The use of climate systems leads to redistribution of importance among the reasons for the increase in the number of accidents – increases the number of accidents by increasing the speed and frequency of maneuvering, while reducing the rate of road accidents occurring in bad judgement and increase reaction time of drivers.Practical importance. The research provides a basis for developing measures to reduce accidents on the road in warm weather

The increase risk and incidence of computer misuse has raised awareness in public and private sectors of the need to develop defensive and offensives responses. Such increase in incidence of criminal, illegal and inappropriate computer behavior has resulted in organizations forming specialist teams to investigate these behaviors. There is now widespread recognition of the importance of specialised forensic computing investigation teams that are able to operate. Forensics analysis is the process of accurately documenting and interpreting information more precisely digital evidence for the presentation to an authoritative group and in most cases that group would be a court of law. At the level of practice these investigative skills extend beyond a methodological approach. The scope of this paper will compare the different methodologies and procedures in place for the gathering and acquisition of digital evidence and thus defining which model will be the most appropriate taxonomy for the electronic evidence in the computer forensics analysis phase.

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between the number of accidents and pilot’s age. The pilot considered for this study is General Aviation Pilot. Normal distribution of the accidents shows the mean pilot’s age <MEAN age> = 54.60 with S. Dage = 14.38. There is a non-linear relationship between pilot’s age and accident rate and there is a significant difference in accidents across the age intervals F(19, 234) = 9.3116, p < 0.0001. There is no statistical difference in the number of accidents between the interval 40-70 age group. Also, there is statistical difference in the number of accidents above and below 60-year age with respect to event severity and cause of accident (Wiki’s lemma= 0.36, F(26, 160) = 4.00, p < 0.0001). The follow up shows that the number of fatal and non-fatal accidents were statistically different for both above F(2, 92) = 4.58, p < 0.0127 and for below F(2,129) = 7.2, p < 0.0011 while the number of accidents with respect to its causes above 60 are not statistically different but there is statistical difference (F = (5, 126) = 8.74, p < 0.0001) in the number of accidents caused by pilot and caused by technical fault or weather/wind in the age group below 60.

A variety of incompatible speed metrics for digitally acquired projection images are currently provided by system vendors. As digital acquisition has become more widely adopted, the need for a universal vendor-independent speed metric is increasingly evident. This paper proposes a method for defining the speed of digital projection images that can be readily implemented on any system that acquires a projection x-ray image and produces a display-ready image. Radiographic speed for screen-film combinations is currently defined by ISO in terms of the exposure needed to produce a net density of one on the developed film. An analogous speed method is proposed for digital images. It requires that the system produce an original image (calibrated in terms of the relationship between system response and exposure for the standard set of x-ray beam qualities defined by ISO-9236-1) and a display-ready image. The speed is computed in terms of the median pixel value in the original image that corresponds to a reference pixel value in the display-ready image. The exposure response of selected digital radiography acquisition systems has been measured for the ISO beam qualities. The proposed speed metric was computed for a representative suite of digital images and correlated well with a currently available vendor-specific speed metric. Changes in patient exposure and image-processing parameters affect the speed metric in the appropriate way. In conclusion, the proposed speed metric provides a vendor-independent definition of speed for digitally acquired projection radiographs that is consistent with current speed standards for screen-film radiography and applicable to all currently available digital acquisition systems.

A compact NE213 liquid scintillation neutron spectrometer with a new digital data acquisition (DAQ) system is now in operation at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). With the DAQ system, developed by ENEA Frascati, neutron spectrometry with high count rates in the order of 5×10(5) s(-1) is possible, roughly an order of magnitude higher than with an analog acquisition system. To validate the DAQ system, a new data analysis code was developed and tests were done using measurements with 14-MeV neutrons made at the PTB accelerator. Additional analysis was carried out to optimize the two-gate method used for neutron and gamma (n-γ) discrimination. The best results were obtained with gates of 35 ns and 80 ns. This indicates that the fast and medium decay time components of the NE213 light emission are the ones that are relevant for n-γ discrimination with the digital acquisition system. This differs from what is normally implemented in the analog pulse shape discrimination modules, namely, the fast and long decay emissions of the scintillating light.