Abstract
Vulnerability evaluation to determine more susceptible to contamination regions has played a significant role in urban planning and resources management. Our study is the first study comes to use the DRASTIC model assessing the vulnerability areas of the Laylan sub-basin. An extra aim is to prove the integration between DRASTIC and the geographical information system for risk estimation of groundwater discrimination. Seven DRASTIC factors have been utilized to maintain the groundwater quality in the study area. These parameters were prepared and analyzed using geographical information system software. Each parameter was got a weight according to its importance. The sum of these parameters produced a final map showing the areas of vulnerability in the region. The final map contains five vulnerability zones distributed in the Laylan sub-basin. The northern and northwestern parts of Laylan sub-basin were characterized as very high and high vulnerability; whilst the central part was dominated as very low and low vulnerability.
Highlights
Laylan sub-basin is situated within the north of Iraq far to the north 255 km of Baghdad
Soil is that layer forms in the upper part of the earth’s surface and that extends to a depth of 2 m as a maximum for the soil in the ground. (Fig. 3A), the soil raster of Laylan sub-basin, which otained from Food and Agriculture Organzation (FAO)
It shows that the depth to the groundwater is decreased to the northwestern of the study, which means that the vulnerability in the northeastern part is very high, as far as this parameter is concerned while it is very low in the southwestern part
Summary
Laylan sub-basin is situated within the north of Iraq far to the north 255 km of Baghdad. It is located in the southeast of Kirkuk city (44°18'30"E – 44°40'30"E and 35°7'30"N – 35°29'30"N). Kirkuk structure bounded the study area from the northeast side, while the southwest part of Laylan sub-basin bounded by the Jambur anticline. Khasa Chay seasonal stream makes the northwest and west boundary, while it bounded from the south and southwest by an ephemeral stream named Mamsha stream. The topography of the area is plain; hills are scattered in the southwest part towards the Jambur anticline, between 243 m and 402 m altitude above sea level. The area is covered 278 km (Fig.). The groundwater and surface water are considered as basic sources, which are used for many purposes
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