Abstract
Down-regulation of HaIr1 during induced differentiation of embryonal carcinoma P19 cells
Highlights
The state of pluripotency is operationally defined by selfrenewal and the capacity to differentiate into all lineages in an organism (Thomson et al, 1998; Yu and Thomson, 2008)
Downregulation of OCT4, NANOG, stage specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were assessed at the protein level by ICC during retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of P19 cells (Fig. 1)
These results are in agreement with the previously published results that have shown that RA-induced differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) results in down-regulation of several lncRNAs that are required for the proliferation and maintenance of selfrenewal capacity (Dinger et al, 2008; Guttman et al, 2011; Jain et al, 2016; Rosa and Ballarino, 2015; Ulitsky et al, 2011; Winzi et al, 2018)
Summary
The state of pluripotency is operationally defined by selfrenewal and the capacity to differentiate into all lineages in an organism (Thomson et al, 1998; Yu and Thomson, 2008). Several factors, involved in the epigenetic regulation of pluripotency states, have been identified. These include the dynamics of PML nuclear bodies (Butler et al, 2009; Chuang et al, 2011; Gupta et al, 2009; Gupta et al, 2008), alteration of chromatin structure (Ahmed et al, 2010; Efroni et al, 2008), DNA methylation (Beaujean et al, 2004; Bird, 2007), post-translational modifications of histones (Pan et al, 2007), cell signaling pathways (Kunath et al, 2007), and involvement of non-coding RNAs (Dinger et al, 2008; Mohamed et al, 2010). One subclass of large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) (Gibb et al, 2011) is
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