Doping effects of ZnO quantum dots on the sensitive and selective detection of acetylene for dissolved-gas analysis applications of transformer oil

Abstract

We report on the doping effect on the sensing properties of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) for the detection of acetylene. We found that In-doped ZnO (IZO) QDs exhibited a better sensing performance to 10 ppm acetylene than undoped ZnO (ZO) QDs and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) QDs. The higher sensing response of IZO QDs can be attributed to a greater number of reactive sites for detecting acetylene, which is likely to originate from the increased number of oxygen vacancies, and the larger optical band gap and surface area of IZO. This is due to a higher valence dopant and a smaller particle size. The sensing properties of IZO QDs to 10 ppm acetylene was also found to be superior to previously reported acetylene sensors that are based on semiconducting metal oxides. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 10 ppm of acetylene can be selectively detected in air within ∼100 s using a recently developed miniaturized gas chromatography (GC) integrated with the IZO QDs sensor. In addition, we found that the device can detect the major fault gases of hydrogen and acetylene separately within ∼100 s. Our study demonstrates that the device can be utilized in the GC-based on-line dissolved gas analysis to detect small amounts of acetylene gas in transformer oil.