Abstract
This article reviews recent advances and existing challenges for the application of wearable bioelectronics for patient monitoring and domiciliary hospitalization. More specifically, we focus on technical challenges and solutions for the implementation of wearable and conformal bioelectronics for long-term patient biomonitoring and discuss their application on the Internet of medical things (IoMT). We first discuss the general architecture of IoMT systems for domiciliary hospitalization and the three layers of the system, including the sensing, communication, and application layers. In regard to the sensing layer, we focus on current trends, recent advances, and challenges in the implementation of stretchable patches. This includes fabrication strategies and solutions for energy storage and energy harvesting, such as printed batteries and supercapacitors. As a case study, we discuss the application of IoMT for domiciliary hospitalization of COVID 19 patients. This can be used as a strategy to reduce the pressure on the healthcare system, as it allows continuous patient monitoring and reduced physical presence in the hospital, and at the same time enables the collection of large data for posterior analysis. Finally, based on the previous works in the field, we recommend a conceptual IoMT design for wearable monitoring of COVID 19 patients.
Highlights
In the end, based on this approach, we explore the case of the Covid-19 epidemic and introduce the concept of building a fast prototype based on an Internet of medical things (IoMT) system that would allow the domiciliary hospitalization of Covid-19 patients
In order to understand the suitability of the energy storage and harvesting solutions for wearable biomonitoring, it is important to evaluate the consumption of electronic components for wearable biomonitoring, including sensing devices, processing microchips, and communication chips
At the end of the year 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly referred to as Covid-19 [151], appeared in the Hubei province in China, which lead to a global epidemic due to the rapid increase of the number of people infected with the virus during the year 2020
Summary
Of the United States of America are expected to almost double from 2012 to 2024 [7] This situation can pose a strain on the country’s economy for the near future and the lack of access to health for part of the population [8]. As these devices are in direct contact with the patient body, it is desired to have systems that are soft, and stretchable, biocompatible, electrically safe, and comfortable for long-term use As these are generally mobile devices, special attention is given to low-energy devices in order to enable long-time monitoring without the hassle of battery recharging
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