Abstract
Multiferroics are a time-honoured research subject by reason for their tremendous application potential in the information industry, such as in multi-state information storage devices and new types of sensors. An outburst of studies on multiferroicity has been witnessed in the 21st century, although this field has a long research history since the 19th century. Multiferroicity has now become one of the hottest research topics in condensed matter physics and materials science. Numerous efforts have been made to investigate the cross-coupling phenomena among ferroic orders such as ferroelectricity, (anti-)ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, especially the coupling between electric and magnetic orderings that would account for the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multiferroic materials. The magnetoelectric properties and coupling behavior of single phase multiferroics are dominated by their domain structures. It was also noted that, however, the multiferroic materials exhibit very complicated domain structure...
Highlights
Multiferroics are a wonderful research subject in respect to their great application potential in the information industry, e.g., multi-state information storage devices and new types of sensors.1,2 studies on the magnetoelectric effect became more prominent in the 20th century, its boom was witnessed in the first decade of the 21st century, and it has become one of the hottest research topics in physics and materials science.3–5 Numerous efforts have been made to investigate the coupling phenomena among ferroic orders such as ferroelectricity,ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, especially the coupling between electric and magnetic orderings that would account for the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multiferroic materials.6–10The earliest study on the magnetoelectric (ME) effect was reported in the 19th century
High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging together with electron-energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis is highly sensitive to atomic-number contrast, which is quite powerful in semiconductor, catalysis, ceramics, and particle analysis applications
The lateral PFM (LPFM) images show a different switching phenomenon compared with the vertical PFM (VPFM) images: a bright pattern is obtained in the E-poled region, but the loading force seems have little effect on the ferroelectric domains along the in-plane (IP) direction because no obvious domain switching observed in the F-poled region in the centre
Summary
Multiferroics are a wonderful research subject in respect to their great application potential in the information industry, e.g., multi-state information storage devices and new types of sensors. studies on the magnetoelectric effect became more prominent in the 20th century, its boom was witnessed in the first decade of the 21st century, and it has become one of the hottest research topics in physics and materials science. Numerous efforts have been made to investigate the coupling phenomena among ferroic orders such as ferroelectricity, (anti-)ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, especially the coupling between electric and magnetic orderings that would account for the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multiferroic materials.. Numerous efforts have been made to investigate the coupling phenomena among ferroic orders such as ferroelectricity, (anti-)ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, especially the coupling between electric and magnetic orderings that would account for the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in multiferroic materials.. Besides the most well-studied ferroic orderings in multiferroic materials (ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity), new orderings such as ferrotoroidal and ferrovalley have been. Studies on domain structure characterization and domain switching behaviour represent a crucial step in the exploration of approaches to control and manipulate magnetic (electric) properties using an electric (magnetic) field or other means. In this review, following a concise outline of our basic knowledge on the ME effect, we summarize some important research activities on domain switching in single-phase multiferroic materials in the form of single crystals and thin films, especially domain switching behavior involving strain. It is intended that an integrated viewpoint on these issues, as provided here, will further motivate synergistic activities between the various research groups and industries towards the development and characterization of multiferroic materials.
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