Abstract
The emergence of link between periodontal disease and diabetes has created conditions for analyzing new interdisciplinary approach making toward tackling oral health and systemic issues. As periodontal disease is a readily modifiable risk factor this association has potential clinical implications. The aim of this paper was systematically review the extant literature related to analytics data in order to identify the association between type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in childhood and adolescence with periodontal inflammation. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a database search between 2004 and 2019. A manual search of the literature was conducted as an additional phase of the search process, with the aim of identifying studies that were missed in the primary search. One hundred and thirty-nine records were screened and 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies were of moderate methodological quality. Outcomes included assessments of diabetes and periodontal status. In diabetic populations, compared to healthy subjects, interindividual differences in periodontal status are reflected in higher severity of periodontal inflammation. The most reported barriers to evidence uptake were the intrinsic limits of cross-sectional report data and relevant research, and lack of timely research output. Based on the evidence presented within the literature, the aforementioned biomarkers correlate with poor periodontal status in type 1 diabetic patients. Whilst the corpus of the evidence suggests that there may be an association between periodontal status and type 1 diabetes, study designs and methodological limitations hinder interpretation of the current research.
Highlights
According to the literature, the most robust evidence among the association between periodontal disease and systemic disorders [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], concerns the biunivocal relationship between periodontal inflammation and diabetes, suggesting a consistent connection with the metabolic control [8,9,10,11,12]
It was hypothesized that periodontal inflammation could promote the inflammation in systemic compartment, evidence from this study indicated no correlation between periodontitis and circulatory inflammatory markers in type 1 diabetes (T1DM)
Whilst focusing emerging studies concerning the relationship between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes in health sciences are being implemented in research, the studies of potential effects of periodontal inflammation on children and adolescents affected by T1DM are incomplete
Summary
The most robust evidence among the association between periodontal disease and systemic disorders [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], concerns the biunivocal relationship between periodontal inflammation and diabetes, suggesting a consistent connection with the metabolic control [8,9,10,11,12]. Many large-scale prospective studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with elevated inflammatory markers in otherwise healthy populations, demonstrating that the C-reactive protein (CRP) is strongly correlated with PD severity [16,17,18,19]. The study conducted by PoplawskaKita et al [20] underlined the difference between CRP, fibrinogen, and TNF-α levels in periodontics and patients with T1DM compared to subjects without periodontitis and increased levels of systemic inflammation have been reported in relation with poor periodontal status. In the same cohort of patients, a good metabolic control was related to lower CRP concentrations, demonstrating a mechanistic link between poor metabolic control and systemic inflammation. It was hypothesized that periodontal inflammation could promote the inflammation in systemic compartment, evidence from this study indicated no correlation between periodontitis and circulatory inflammatory markers in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Several studies demonstrated that periodontal chronic inflammation is linked to persistent
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