Does orthognathic treatment improve patients’ psychosocial well-being?

Abstract

Objective To analyse changes in patients’ psychosocial well-being from before treatment until post-surgical orthodontic treatment (including retention) is completed. Materials and methods Data was collected six times: before treatment (T0), 6–8 weeks after the placement of orthodontic appliances (T2), 3–4 weeks before surgery (T3), six weeks after surgery (T4), one year after surgery (T5) and after completing orthodontic treatment (T6; 20–57 months after surgery). At T0, 60 patients participated while at T6, data was available for 15 patients. All patients completed the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSES), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQ-II) and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). All pairwise comparisons between variables were conducted with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results OQLQ function, RSES, AAQ-II and SCL GSI worsened from T0 to T2. At T5, improvements compared to T0 were found in all aspects of OQLQ and SCL GSI. When comparing results at T6 to T0, improvements where only found in OQLQ sum, OQLQ facial aesthetics and OQLQ function. Conclusions Although well-being of orthognathic patients seems to improve during treatment, many improvements cannot be verified anymore at the completion of the retention period. Most stable changes are found in the oral function component and in the facial aesthetics component of the OQLQ.