Does Hormone Therapy Exacerbate the Adverse Effects of Radiotherapy in Men With Prostate Cancer? A Quality of Life Study

Abstract

We examined whether short course androgen deprivation therapy as an adjunct to radiotherapy would impact health related quality of life outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer treated definitively with external beam radiation therapy or permanent brachytherapy. From 1999 to 2003 patients were enrolled in a prospective study at our institution and completed validated health related quality of life surveys at defined pretreatment and posttreatment intervals. A total of 81 men received radiotherapy alone and 67 received radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy. Median androgen deprivation therapy duration was 4 months. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to compare time to return to baseline in 6 distinct health related quality of life domains. On univariate analysis the radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy group achieved baseline urinary symptoms more rapidly than the radiotherapy group (5 months, p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis time to return to baseline in any of the 6 health related quality of life domains was not significantly affected by adding androgen deprivation therapy. Factors associated with longer time to return to baseline mental composite scores on multivariate analysis included nonwhite ethnicity, cerebrovascular disease history and alcohol abuse history. Men treated with permanent brachytherapy monotherapy experienced longer time to return to baseline for urinary function and symptoms. Baseline sexual function and lack of a partner were associated with longer time to sexual recovery. Adding androgen deprivation therapy to definitive radiotherapy does not significantly impact the time to return to baseline health related quality of life. These data may be valuable for patients and physicians when weighing the toxicity and benefits of androgen deprivation therapy when added to definitive radiotherapy.