Does a heavy fruit crop reduce the tree ring increment? Results from a 12-year study in a subalpine zone

Abstract

Life history theory posits that an increased investment in reproduction should result in decreased vegetative investment. Switching resources from growth to reproduction are also expected in species experiencing selection pressure for high variation of seed crops. In this study, we tested whether the reproductive effort of trees, measured as the number of fruits produced, is related to their radial growth increment. We examined a population of Sorbus aucuparia, a fleshy-fruited tree species with highly variable interannual individual fruit production growing in the subalpine zone and under strong selection pressure from pre-dispersal seed predators. We used 12-year data to test the relationship between fruit crop and radial growth increments in current, previous and subsequent years, and found no trade-off between growth and reproduction. For almost all trees, there was no correlation between fruit crop and radial growth increment in the same year or next year. Only a few trees showed a positive correlation between fruit crop and previous-year growth. In the statistics, we took advantage of the high variability of individual fruit crops in high production years. In four heavy crop years, we compared the radial growth increments of trees with heavy crops with those of trees with low fruit crops. Current and next-year radial growth did not differ between trees with low and high fruit crops. In all those years, however, trees having heavy fruit crops had higher previous-year growth increments. We suggest that the harsh subalpine weather conditions account for the lack of a trade-off between growth and reproduction in the studied population.