Documentário transmídia e dispositivos tecnológicos como estratégia de comunicação e sensibilização em temas sociais

This research aims to study agricultural dwelling welfare's application plan according to empty house reality condition. Study's subject was empty houses in Yeongwol-gul in year 2013. Data analysis was concentrated on measuring questionnaires and SPSSWIN 16.0 was used for statistics of frequency analysis and average analysis. As a result, first, empty house's background occurrence and environment was investigated. Second, due to dead mine and rural exodus, there was increase in the number of empty houses, which damaged regional scenary. Furthermore, the region became a crime-ridden district, which is a social issue. Third, it was found that plans as empty house remodeling, policy support, various alternatives, systematic management, housing welfare, and continuous promotion were needed. This research will provide implications in solving social issues due to empty houses, and through application plan, there will be improvement in agricultural dwelling welfare and income increase. There also will be improvement in environment, and policy source for inducing city people and original residents to empty houses.

In a world where many new concepts and phenomenon have emerged, cities are the first territorial entities to be concerned and impacted by changes in their various spatial, social, economic, political, urban planning and environmental components. In this article, we focus on the urban evolution of Rabat, a city with historical, political, social, economic and environmental issues at stake. As the capital of Morocco, Rabat enjoys many qualities and advantages in terms of its urban evolution, but this development is not without setbacks. An attractive post-Protectorate city is one that suffers from rural exodus, insecurity, urban pockets and so on. With this in mind, in this article we will try to visualize Rabat’s urban evolution using a cartographic approach based on time sequences, in an attempt to answer the question: What are the stages in Rabat’s evolution, and where is it heading?

This paper relies on statistical information to investigate the relevant issue of rural migration across Russia’s federal districts. Migration by rural residents may lead to declines in the relative share of rural residents in the nation’s social structure, intensify its urbanization processes, cause rural depopulation, and result in declines in the demographic potential of rural areas. These processes are associated with profound social and economic issues facing the Russian countryside.

Rural depopulation and its consequences is a critical social, economic, labour and environmental issue. Based on diagnoses carried out five years ago in two rural territories of the Valencian Community (Spain) in a situation of demographic desertification, this paper aims to analyse if the evolution of employment and population has become a driving force for local development in both territories. To this end, triangulated analysis has been conducted using statistical sources, a survey of the respective Local Development and Employment Officers (AEDLs) and application of the new READI© methodology—based on a matrix with indicators evaluating the level of convergence of the resources, actors and dynamics available to the territory. The survey and READI© methodology have allowed us to complete sociodemographic analysis of population and employment to identify the causes that explain the similarities and differences between both territories in their capacity to generate local development processes. As a result of this study, some positive trends can be observed in the period encompassing 2017–2022, changing the preceding negative tendency and allowing us to generate a hopeful approach for such territories if local development policies correct the detected imbalances.

TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 255 Building the Workingman’s Paradise: The Design ofAmerican Company Towns (London and New York: Verso, 1995) and numerous articles dealing with company towns, industrial housing, and labor relations. Trolley Wars: Streetcar Workers on theLine. By Scott Molloy. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996. Pp. xvii+238, illustra­ tions, notes, index. $36.50 (cloth). The advent of electric streetcars in the 1890s was a technological advancement that radically altered the urban experience. Indeed, electrification of street railways not only reshaped the urban land­ scape, transporting more patrons for greater distances at increased speeds, it also fostered new work patterns for streetcar workers and social problems for the local polity. Ideological and economic con­ flicts over the purpose and nature of the street railway business pit­ ted streetcar workers, politicos, small business owners, and other citi­ zens against huge transit concerns. As a result, numerous intense, often violent streetcar strikes occurred in many American cities at the turn of the century. In this respect, Scott Molloy’s case study of the development of public transit in Rhode Island, Trolley Wars, is aptly named. He contends that the development of public transpor­ tation was nothing less than a prolonged struggle for ultimate con­ trol of city streets and city government, fought in courts, at the ballot box, in local councils and state legislatures, and in the streets them­ selves. In many ways, Molloy relates a classic story of labor history. Horsecar street railway service commenced in Providence on Wash­ ington’s birthday in 1865. For the first two decades of service, labor relations between the locally owned Union Railroad Company (URC) and its workers were mutually respectful and financially re­ warding for both parties. Much like early craftworkers, streetcar driv­ ers and conductors performed their duties within a flexible set of work rules and developed personal relationships with their custom­ ers, who were often friends and neighbors. But the political and so­ cial culture of transit radically changed in the 1890s when electric trolleys replaced horsepowered cars and a large transit monopoly from another state gained control of the URC. Streetcar work be­ came highly regimented and a two-tier wage system was imposed which favored veteran drivers. Moreover, the tremendous increase in the scale of Rhode Island’s street railway system depersonalized service, causing great public animosity while labor relations deterio­ rated. Finally, members of the fledgling Division 200 of the Amal­ gamated Association of Street Railway Employees of America called a strike inJune 1902. Despite widespread support from the citizenry ofProvidence and Pawtucket, as well as the latter city’s reform mayor John J. Fitzgerald, the strikers lost the battle. Conservative political 256 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE forces won the war, and control of public transit in Rhode Island remained the prerogative of the URC. This book is largely a study of Rhode Island’s labor and urban political history, but those who are interested in the social ramifica­ tions of technology will also find it a useful work. The specifics of instituting electric streetcars, their technological profiles, and ac­ companying infrastructural changes are not addressed; instead, elec­ trification is investigated as a political and social issue. Molloy does not break new ground in this area, but he does provide additional evidence to support the work of Sam BassWarner and KennethJackson . In particular, his chapter titled “The Trolley Habit” is a suc­ cinct, extremely thoughtful discussion regarding the effect of elec­ tric street railways upon the urbanization process in Rhode Island. It details the flurry of land speculation and swift suburban develop­ ment that coincided with the expansion of streetcar service, and the tremendous changes in the nature of streetcar work caused by tech­ nological advancement. Perhaps most informative is his understand­ ing of the development of heightened public expectations of and animosity toward transit interests during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the impact of these social perceptions upon the poli­ tics of transit. Trolley Wars is an insightful and clearly written volume. While it is not pathbreaking in scope, Molloy’s exhaustive research provides ample evidence to support his claim that the development of urban mass transportation in Rhode...

Combination Antibiotic Therapy With Macrolides in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: More Smoke But Is There Any Fire?

In the days immediately following the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina, media attention primarily focused on the rescue and relief operations, the extent of the physical damage, and the slow response by local, state, and federal agencies to one of the worst disasters in recent American history. However, it would not take long before journalists, researchers, and political analysts turned their attention to the social problems and issues created by the destruction that resulted from Hurricane Katrina. Two social issues that recently have been vigorously debated by the media, journalists, academicians, and the general public are whether or not black residents received more exposure to damage from Hurricane Katrina than white res­idents and whether or not lower-class residents received more exposure to damage than middle- or upper-class residents. These issues are related to a larger issue con­cerning the extent to which Hurricane Katrina exacerbated the race and class divide in New Orleans, as well as other large American cities in the United States, and what can be done to remedy the problem of inner city poverty exposed by the hurricane.

The roots of social issues in art and visual/material culture research and practice run historically deep.1 Educators such as John Dewey, Vincent Lanier, June King McFee, Graeme Chalmers, Eugene Grigsby, Laura Chapman, Rogena Degge, Ron Neperud, Kenneth Marantz, Jerry Hausman, Edmund Feldman, and others have explored art in relation to culture; popular, everyday, and community art; class and race; and Freire’s theory of conscientization. Well-developed contemporary education discourses, such as social justice, social reconstruction,2 critical pedagogy, feminist pedagogy, and liberatory pedagogy have also influenced art/visual/material culture education research. These pedagogies share premises that teachers serve as guides, not authorities, to their students and that education exists in a politicized sphere, and must be relevant to students’ lives. It should help them develop critical, reflective thinking, guide them to participate in a democratic society and employ “the principles of justice, liberty, and equality” in their lives (Giroux, 1991, p. 245; Torres, 1998). A final influence on social issues in art/visual/material culture education is a trend among artists and writers over the last 25 years to address social issues in their work (e.g., Becker, 1994; Felshin, 1995; Gablik, 1991; Kester, 2004; Lacy, 1995; Raven, 1989). These authors argue for art as a communicative act that must take on relevant social tasks. As in much research in the arts, the character of research focusing on social issues in art/visual/material culture education is qualitative: ethnographic studies, case studies, action research, philosophical inquiry, and anecdotal accounts. Because this handbook emphasizes empirical research, but much of the research on social issues is philosophical and conceptual, the philosophical and conceptual issues serve as frames for the empirical research. We focus on research published between 1990 and 2005.

The reduction of the volume of stormwater from storm events is paramount in the mitigation of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) required Waste Load Allocations as assigned to the Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) program mandated in American cities. A recent investigation conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development (EPA-ORD), in the urban core communities of Cincinnati and Cleveland, examined the taxonomy and hydrology of urban soils to better understand the distribution of stormwater storage and infiltration capacity across previously unmapped areas. Urban soil mapping historically has not provided the information necessary to implement even the smallest scale stormwater control measures (SCMs). SCM This venture opportunistically sampled vacant lots to perform soil taxonomy on unmapped soils and document the capacity of urban soil to retain the infiltration and absorption characteristics of the parent material. The use of vacant lands for Green Infrastructure and stormwater volume mitigation can simultaneously address reduction in CSO frequency and volume, NPDES Total Maximum Daily Load (WLA-Waste Load Allocations) and social justice issues in struggling post-industrial urban communities.

In 1983 the New York artist Barbara Kruger released a photomontage showing the face of a female model, resting on a grassy background, with her eyes closed and covered by two leaves. Kruger completed the piece by adding the statement, “We won’t play nature to your culture.” In many ways, this image marked a turning point in America’s popular and intellectual response to the issue of the environment. Twenty-one years earlier, in 1962, Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring had launched a new era in the environmentalist movement, prompting many Americans to begin associating their own physical health with that of the environment. But whereas the publication of Silent Spring and the establishment of Earth Day in 1970 contributed to a far-reaching shift in the ways both scholars and laypersons thought about the practical implications of humanity’s physical engagement with nature, Kruger’s statement represented yet another approach to considering this relationship.

When Hurricane Katrina swept across the Gulf Coast in August 2005, the diaspora that it produced hollowed the city of New Orleans. In a recent issue of the New York Times, satellite photos revealed that the devastation is no longer evidenced by post-apocalyptic debris, but by the rows of now empty communities that have left much of the urban landscape bereft of vibrant human activity. As these ancient neighborhoods dig themselves out of the mud and silt, the displacement of hundreds of thousands of persons has created a new challenge for this iconographic city. This challenge stems from the endeavor to recapture an essence that many feared had been washed into the Gulf of Mexico. As the shrimp boats that now serve as debris gatherers extract Mardi Gras beads from the ocean, the cultural gulf that has been etched into the urban landscape raises questions about the future of this community in an age where the American city has itself become a mere echo of civic society and celebration. Reflecting upon the racial implications of this event, it is clear that the storm ignited a combustible mixture of social and economic issues surrounding race, class, and space. The following discussion explores the nexus between social geography and the political allegories used to define those that inhabit urban spaces. The city of New Orleans must now grapple with both its representation at a national level and the realities of alienation so vividly amplified by this catastrophe—a process that means examining the role that its own history has played in creating certain geographical containment fields that isolate those populations most deserving of assistance.

Sacred Natural Sites are integrated-coupled systems with mutual social and natural interactions, and they exist within a variety of local cultures and regions of the world. In Europe and especially in the Mediterranean basin, changing land use patterns and population decline since World War II have had a dramatic impact on the socio-ecological structure and management practices of many of such sites. At the same time, old beliefs and taboos are often neglected due to modernization, rural depopulation, and change in community's structure, norms, and codes. Understanding how social, ecological, and policy processes changed through time becomes thus relevant to identify the main criteria for effective collective action and sustainability of the studied systems. In this paper, we applied Ostrom's social–ecological systems framework to model the main socio-ecological processes acting upon a sacred forest in Epirus (Greece) over a 300 years' period. The multidisciplinary approach included collection of archival and ecological data and ethnographic research (semi-structured interviews). Results indicate that significant changes have occurred in social, economic, political, and institutional terms since the creation of the settlement (17th century). However, the sacred grove has been of major importance to the adjacent local community that acts as its custodian guardian even nowadays. Collective action for the preservation of the forest has been achieved under various governance regimes that transformed through time traditional religious taboos into modern conservation approaches. This analysis revealed that local traditional management practices of commons can serve as successful socio-ecological conservation examples.

This thesis examines and critiques the phenomenon of family farm transfer of broadacre and dairy farms in western Victoria, Australia, to provide a rich and nuanced account of what for many farming family members is a very stressful event in their lives. This thesis unpacks the process, and in so doing exposes the ideologies informing the attitudes and practices in farming families and farming communities which create distress for family members and contribute to rural depopulation and lack of services and amenity in broadacre farming regions. This knowledge, drawn from personal experiences, provides the foundation on which to build more equitable farm transfers, sustain family relations and rural communities and to inform government policies directed to rural sustainability.

O uso de ferramentas da Internet para fins educacionais tem sido comumente associado, no ambiente escolar, à noção de autonomia. Esse conceito, no entanto, envolve elementos que extrapolam questões metodológicas de aquisição de línguas estrangeiras – engloba também questões sociais, políticas e gnosiológicas. Por isso, procuraremos explorar o conceito de autonomia aplicado ao ensino e aprendizagem de LE por meio da Internet, partindo do princípio de que o indivíduo autônomo não pode ser determinado por outros indivíduos, e nem mesmo por aparatos tecnológicos, por mais avançados que sejam. Examinaremos, por meio de observação e questionários, porém, em que medida o uso de ferramentas de tecnologia comunicacional no ambiente Web pode contribuir para o processo de formação de um indivíduo autônomo e, portanto, ativo, em seu próprio processo de aquisição de uma língua estrangeira.

Animals can adapt their reward expectancy to changes in delays to reward availability. When temporal relations are altered, associative models of interval timing predict that the original time memory is lost due to the updating of the underlying associative weights, whereas the representational models render the preservation of the original time memory (as previously demonstrated in the extinction of conditioned fear). The current study presents the critical test of these theoretical accounts by training mice with two different intervals in a consecutive fashion (short → long or long → short) and then testing timing behaviors during extinction where neither temporal relation is in effect. Mice that were trained with the long interval first clustered their anticipatory responses around the average of two intervals (indirect higher-order manifestation of two memories in the form of temporal averaging), whereas mice trained with the short interval first clustered their responses either around the short or long interval (direct manifestation of memory representations by their independent indexing). We assert that the original memory representation formed during training with the long interval “metrically affords” the integration of subsequent experiences with a shorter interval, allowing their co-activation during extinction. The original memory representation formed during training with the short interval would not metrically afford such integration and thus result in the formation of a new (mutually exclusive) time memory representation, which does not afford their co-activation during extinction. Our results provide strong support for the representational account of interval timing. We provide a new theoretical account of these findings based on the “metric affordances” of the original memory representation formed during training with the original intervals.