Documentación artística instalativa de personas desplazadas forzosamente sin espacio (análisis de <i>Signos cardinales</i> de Libia Posada)

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to understand the changes in the social fabric of victims of forced displacement in Colombia as a result of these events, as well as the contributions of belonging to a collective musical program in reconstructing the social fabric of the participants. In Latin America, the metaphor of social fabric is used to represent the web of social relations that shape society. A five-year doctoral investigation sought to understand the changes in the social fabric of victims of forced displacement in Colombia resulting from these events, as well as the contributions of belonging to a collective musical program in reconstructing the social fabric of the participants. The study was undertaken using a qualitative approach and simple statistics, with which were analyzed 14 life stories and 70 sound postcards across seven families, who were victims of violence and belonged to the musical program in question. The research identified as key elements of the social fabric: networks, cohesive or divisive tangible resources, precarious or sufficient tangible resources, the experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis research had a qualitative, ethnographic and narrative approach. It was developed through life stories with sound postcards and semi-structured interviews. The research participants were 14 people from families in the program studied and 10 teachers from the same program. The fieldwork was carried out over a period of six months in four cities in Colombia, taking four to five weeks in each city. In addition to the above, documents of the organization studied were reviewed.FindingsThis paper shows the impacts on the social fabric of the participants in terms of the negative impact on their family and social networks, as well as the emergence after forced displacement of divisive intangible resources associated with distrust of self, others and society. Collective musical spaces help to break the sense of anonymity and isolation by creating new networks through which cohesive intangible resources circulate, helping participants to regain confidence in themselves and others through temporary musical identity and peaceful identity.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research relate to being a case study in Colombia. Although this is a national program and the study has been carried out in four different cities in the country, it is not possible to generalize. However, it is possible that in the future it will be possible to contrast the findings with the processes developed with similar organizations working in music for social construction.Practical implicationsThe results of this research have practical implications insofar as they can help to better understand the elements that make up the social fabric, the impacts of violence for families who have experienced it and the paths to recovery. Particularly for music organizations with social objectives, it can help to better understand their social impact. In that sense, it allows strategic elements of the organizations to be adjusted so that their social objectives are better met.Social implicationsThe social implications are related to the responsibility of organizations that work with victims of the armed conflict to understand the impact of violence on these people, as this understanding allows them to generate appropriate strategies of care. Particularly, for artistic organizations, and in this case, musical organizations, to understand how their action can collaborate in the recovery of people.Originality/valueAlthough the term social fabric is widely used in Latin American literature, there are few studies that clarify the concept and its application in concrete social situations. This research managed to define the specific elements of the concept and to approach the affectation of these elements by violence. Likewise, the research manages to show some ways for the recovery of the social fabric of the victims owing to their participation in the collective musical space.

This chapter presents an analysis of the feelings expressed by people living in situations of forced displacement in Colombia. It also studies their reframing and their permanence, by way of doing participatory psychological accompaniment, among different communities of uprooted people. Feelings associated to forced displacement were fear, embarrassment, sadness, uncertainty, lack of trust, homesickness, and suffering. The psychosocial accompaniment allowed the transit from suffering to hope and, from lack of trust to trust. Feelings associated to the traumatized memory could not be reframed. The main factors for the permanence of these feelings are the continuity of the armed conflict and the scarcity of structural conditions for a dignified re-restoration. The text analyzes the way in which, despite adversity, participants overcame difficulties and rebuilt their lives in an unknown cultural context.

A gravity model analysis of forced displacement in Colombia

The number of forcibly displaced persons has increased substantially since the early 2000s and has more than doubled in the last decade. Responding to the needs of forcibly displaced persons requires comprehensive legal and policy frameworks and evidence-based programmes that promote durable solutions, including sustainable movements out of poverty and their successful integration into hosting communities. In this paper, we review the dynamics of forced displacement in Colombia, the country with the largest number of internally displaced persons worldwide, and the progression of legal and policy frameworks that have been implemented since the late 1990s. We also review over two decades of research on the economic, social, and psychological consequences of forced displacement following an asset-based poverty trap framework that allows us to understand how forced displacement can alter poverty dynamics across time and generations. Throughout the review, we draw lessons for other contexts and countries affected by forced displacement and refugee flows.

El presente artículo se ocupa de la migración en Colombia a causa del desplazamiento no voluntario de la población, a la cual suele considerarse migración forzada. Se presenta una revisión general de problema, se sostiene su pertinencia en el debate contemporáneo de los problemas de población y se aborda la demografía del conflicto con una visión panorámica de la historia en que hunde sus raíces la situación actual del país; se formula asimismo un análisis general de las características presentes del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia.El desarraigo de cerca de cuatro millones de personas desterradas dentro del territorio nacional es una de las más notables consecuencias del conflicto interno que ha vivido el país durante cerca de cinco décadas. Al ser una migración forzada, en la que muchas veces está en peligro la vida de la población, los movimientos no son planificados; es un proceso caótico en que la población es desarraigada de manera violenta.La investigación de la cual el presente artículo es una síntesis pretende determinar las implicaciones de dicho desplazamiento sobre la tierra rural abandonada por la población y sobre los territorios urbanos que reciben a los millones de desplazados. AbstractThis article is concerned with migration in Colombia due to the population’s involuntary displacement, usually regarded as forced migration. A general review of the problem is provided, highlighting its importance in the contemporary debate on population problems and the demographics of the problem are analyzed using an overview of history in which the country’s current situation is rooted. This is used to provide an overall analysis of the characteristics of forced displacement in Colombia.The uprooting of nearly four million exiled persons within Colombia is one of the most noticeable consequences of the internal conflict undergone by the country for nearly five decades. The fact that it is forced migration, in which the population’s lives are often at risk means that movements are not planned. It is a chaotic process in which the population is violently uprooted.The research summarized in this article seeks to determine the implications of this displacement for the rural land abandoned by the population and the urban territories that receive millions of displaced persons.

In this chapter, I demonstrate that simulation models, and in particular system dynamics models, could be a cheap and efficient way of examining policies that could allow public servants and service providers to learn and evaluate the different scenarios they are facing in delivering transitional justice remedies. In particular, I concentrate on the simulation and resultant evaluation of possible alternatives to be considered in relation to the reparation and restitution of land rights for the victims of forced displacement in Colombia. To this end, this chapter first presents a brief description of the phenomenon of forced displacement in Colombia and its impact on the society as a whole, thus highlighting the nature of the challenge for government institutions in tackling the results of decades-long conflict in the country.

The article describes the magnitude, geographical extent, and causes of forced population displacements in Colombia. Forced migration in Colombia is a war strategy adopted by armed groups to strengthen territorial strongholds, weaken civilian support to the enemy, seize valuable lands, and produce and transport illegal drugs with ease. Forced displacement in Colombia today affects 3.5 million people. Equivalent to 7.8 percent of Colombia's population, and second worldwide only to Sudan, this shows the magnitude of the humanitarian crisis the country is facing. The phenomenon involves all of Colombia's territory and nearly 90 percent of the country's municipalities expel or receive population. In contrast to other countries, forced migration in Colombia is largely internal. Illegal armed groups are the main responsible parties, migration does not result in massive refugee streams but occurs on an individual basis, and the displaced population is dispersed throughout the territory and not focused in refugee camps. These characteristics pose unique challenges for crafting state policy that can effectively mitigate the impact of displacement.

<span>El documento pretende establecer la relación entre niveles socioeconómicos y educación en los hogares victimas del desplazamiento forzado e Colombia, respecto a las condiciones de conflicto armado y pobreza que se presentan a nivel departamental a partir de las características que presentan estas familias. Para esto, se realizaron estimaciones con variables de conflicto, pobreza y nivel económico de los departamentos como determinantes del grado de expulsión. Se llega a la conclusión que este fenómeno tiene mayor concentración en aquellas zonas donde la población es más vulnerable respecto a la pobreza y condiciones sociales presentes en la regiones.</span>

Social Innovations and Institutional Development in the Forced Displacement Treatment

Este artículo describe el proyecto Fe y Desplazamiento para mostrar cómo una institución evangélica busca movilizar a la Iglesia a responder a los signos de los tiempos, específicamente con respecto al flagelo del desplazamiento forzoso, por medio de propiciar la evangelización integral y el crecimiento en la fe de laicos evangélicos, para que sean cocreadores y cogestores de la misión de la Iglesia. Describe el fundamento teórico del proyecto —una fusión de la misiología integral con la investigación-acción participación (IAP)— y brinda un resumen de la estructura del proyecto, con énfasis en la intervención pedagógico-pastoral que el proyecto ha elaborado. A lo largo del artículo, se indica cómo este acercamiento refleja varias de las prioridades de la Conferencia de Medellín.

El objetivo del presente artículo es señalar las distintas posiciones de los agentes que intervienen en el tema del desplazamiento forzoso en Colombia. Esto es, cómo la población en situación de desplazamiento producto de la violencia, siente y evalúa su condición así como la apreciación y percepción de actores del orden institucional que intervienen sobre esta problemática. En este sentido, la pobreza se convierte en un término que puede ser producido y reproducido por la sociedad. Los anteriores análisis se realizaron con base en información cualitativa y cuantitativa efectuada a la asociación de desplazados de Florida Valle, –Adesflovale– en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, al sur occidente de Colombia.

ABSTRACTInspired by Judith Butler’s critique of Zionism, this article explores one artistic practice that may be considered as developing a diasporic thinking that is specifically rooted in the experience of forced displacement in Colombia. We concentrate on an artwork of Colombian artist Libia Posada as an example of the attempt to embody experiences of dispossession and eviction that goes beyond the simple acknowledgment of victimhood that has characterized the work of state institutions in dealing with displaced populations. In her installation, titled Signos cardinales (Cardinal Signs), Posada presents a series of photographs of displaced women’s feet and legs. On these bodily parts, Posada has drawn a map detailing the journey each of these women was forced to take from her native land to a different part of the country, during the armed conflict that has been affecting Colombia since the second half of the twentieth century. We focus on what we believe is the “content” of the diasporic thinking conveyed by this artwork: (1) re-inscribing a memory of displacement, thus aiming at a double exercise of re-appropriation and transformation of identity; and (2) creating a counter-genealogy of the production of space, which in the case of Signos cardinales is concretely established as what we call a “counter-cartography.”

El desplazamiento forzado interno en Colombia es un fenómeno complejo y dramático debido a las dimensiones que ha adquirido, la heterogeneidad de las personas afectadas, sus múltiples causas y perpetradores, la persistencia de los procesos de expulsión, el alto nivel de impunidad y la respuesta insuficiente del Estado. El presente artículo centra su atención en los desplazados como población vulnerada y vulnerable que “espera” la intervención del Estado. De la expectación nace una relación desequilibrada entre el Estado y la población desplazada de tipo acreedor/usuario, donde la espera opera como fuente de sufrimiento social y es una forma de dominación por parte del organismo estatal sobre los desplazados. El análisis de algunos rasgos de la espera y sus implicaciones en la vida de la población desplazada muestran el desarrollo de un proceso en el que las condiciones y circunstancias objetivas de la tragedia vivida se convierten en una sujeción subjetiva. Esto conlleva a la despolitización del desplazamiento forzado interno y a que las víctimas sean rebajadas a actores pasivos que deben aguardar pacientemente la ayuda del Estado para obtener soluciones a su condición de vulnerabilidad.

Quality of life and co-occurrence of health problems in poor people

Throughout this document will explain the significance of displacement and the impact of this on women, since, although it affects more people, this by their vulnerability takes an important role in the war-movement context . Similarly, analyzing the situation through jurisprudence, which consists mainly of sentences guardianship and the remainder in court records, will be mentioned Human Rights that are violated by the active agents of the conflict, and measures will be explained affirmative action has been taken based on this circumstance. Among the important ideas is the fact of social exclusion experienced to get to a place where to put it somehow "belong" and in the second instance, the armed conflict in Colombia is one of the main reasons why they are forced to leave their homes for the purpose of being for themselves and for their children.