Abstract
In past decades macrophage aggregates (MACs) were being used in many monitoring studies as useful immu-nological biomarkers of environmental pollution and they are still encountered in the so-called “future biomarkers”, since quantitative studies in aquaculture and/or field of their normal fluctuations as a result of the influence of natural factors are extremely rare. Our investigation was designed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the seasons on MAC's relative volume, number and diameter in the Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica Kar.) spleen. Data showed that all investigated parameters had significantly higher values in fish collected during spring and winter. Correlation anal-yses revealed that the increasing of the relative volume of MACs is a result of the increasing of the relative volume of melanin loaded MACs, as well as the increasing of their number and diameter. These results confirmed that the sea-son can affect MACs variations and should be taken into consideration, especially when spleen MACs are used as pollution biomarkers in monitoring studies.
Highlights
The growing concern of today, the discharge of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste water into the environment [1], which results in the pollution of aquatic ecosystems, increased the trend for finding and establishing early-warning signals and biomarkers for evaluating or predicting the impact of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems
Macrophage aggregates (MACs), or named melanomacrophage centers, over the past 40 years have been used in many monitoring programs as useful, nonspecific, anatomical and immunohystochemical biomarkers of environmental pollution [2, 3]
In order to contribute to basic data for normal MACs variations in the Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica Kar.) we addressed the question of season-dependent alterations of these cell clusters
Summary
A STEREOMICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION IN WILD OHRID TROUT (SALMO LETNICA KAR.). Our investigation was designed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the seasons on MAC's relative volume, number and diameter in the Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica Kar.) spleen. Correlation analyses revealed that the increasing of the relative volume of MACs is a result of the increasing of the relative volume of melanin loaded MACs, as well as the increasing of their number and diameter. These results confirmed that the season can affect MACs variations and should be taken into consideration, especially when spleen MACs are used as pollution biomarkers in monitoring studies
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