Do It Yourself Travel as a Gen Z Travel Culture in the Digital Era in Indonesia

Do-it-yourself (DIY) is a staple element of the spare time activities of many households, but little is known about the extent to which basic repair work is carried out through DIY and about the quality of this work. Through secondary analyses of UK government data (English House Condition Survey and Family Expenditure Survey), this paper examines the scale of DIY work by owner-occupiers, how work is organized, the interrelationship of DIY work, the use of unpaid help, and the use of contractors. It considers the types of work carried out, the characteristics of those who tackle DIY or use unpaid help, the dwelling types most likely to experience DIY work, and the motivations of and constraints on those home-owners who do it. The paper concludes with a discussion on the policy implications of these findings for government and the building industry. Although most DIY work is cosmetic and does not deal with basic repair and maintenance, the sheer scale of DIY ensures that it makes a contribution to improving housing conditions. The provision of more advice, information and education by government, local authorities and the private sector could ensure that more DIY work is of better quality and that home owners give priority to essential repairs whether or not they tackle these themselves.

Explains that UK consumers currently spend over £9 billion on do‐it‐yourself (DIY) home improvement products. States that in the 1980s this was the UK’s fastest growing major retail sector, and the booming UK housing market, especially the number of house moves, was widely thought to be the main stimulus for this growth. Reveals that the annual number of house moves has fallen by 50 per cent since 1988 but the DIY market has still grown, which suggests that the link between DIY and the housing market has either changed or is not as strong as previously believed. Reassesses the major factors which affected the DIY market in the 1980s through data analysis and multiple regression techniques. Suggests from the results that the effect of house moves on the DIY market is less than conventional wisdom would indicate. Notes that the most significant factors have been identified and are being used in a five‐year forecast which shows growth in line with increases in the general economy in a new, mature DIY market. Concludes that the results highlight the care needed when basing forecasts on a single factor which may no longer be valid.

Today, almost all fields, including in fields such as education, must implement digital systems and a leader is required to be responsive in this digital transformation era if he wants his institution or school to advance and develop. This article is about what are the challenges and opportunities for leaders in today's digital transformation era, and what leadership models are relevant in this digital era. The method used is qualitative approach in descriptive analysis using Scientific Literature StudiesThe method used is a qualitative method with data collection, using observation, in-depth interviews (indepth interview), and documentation studies. This article leads to the conclusion that the challenges and opportunities in the era of digital transformation must must be faced and filled by leaders in the digital age, especially the principals of Islamic institutions.absolutely be faced by leaders in the digital era.

Injuries associated with similar products and activities occur both in the workplace and in the home. The present study aimed to identify priority issues that offer good potential for improving the safety of 'do-it-yourself (DIY) handy-person activities. Data analyses were undertaken of emergency department, hospital admission and Coronial data on DIY injury. International and urban/ rural comparisons, a literature search and industry consultations were undertaken Within the Victorian Injury Surveillance System (VISS)emergency department database, DIY injuries included: general maintenance (63%), gardening (20%), vehicle maintenance (13%) and electrical (0·03%). Three-quarters occurred in a residential setting, particularly own garden (57%). Hand lacerations and foreign bodies in eyes were the most frequent injuries. Males comprised 85% of DIY injuries. Women were commonly injured while gardening. Injuries peaked at 30-34 years for both sexes. DIY cases were more highly represented at a rural hospital than at urban hospitals. In rank order, products leading to emergency department presentations were: grinders, lawnmowers, ladders, vehicle parts, welding equipment, power saws, circular saws and knives. Similar products were identified for hospital admissions. Ladders, tractors and electrical equipment were prominent in deaths. Norwegian and VISS data exhibit an increase in recent years in hobby and garden tool injuries. Although ranking differs the top ten factors were similar DIY activities result in substantial injury frequency. Intervention strategies focus on workplace initiatives, education, regulation, policy development, transfer of safe workplace practices to the home, design improvements and overcoming economic barriers. Further research would facilitate the targeting of interventions. Countermeasures should be formally evaluated and the ‘culture of safety’ needs to be enhanced.

Current global crises and threats have revealed the growing implications of Ulrich Beck's theory of risk society. Rather than being a theory of risk, risk society theory is more a social theory of the new social world and modernity. Risk society theory encompasses a new social ontology of the social in the era of uncertainties and crises. Beck also proposes the cosmopolitan outlook and particularly methodological cosmopolitanism as the epistemology and methodology of the world risk society. Yet, a close examination of Beck's social theory reveals a contradiction between the two aspects. On the one hand, in the ontological dimension, we are faced with the primacy of the indeterminate and the empirical, but on the other hand, Beck's epistemological prescriptive eliminate the possibility of reaching them. The current article aims to address this incompatibility. In doing so, first, the main pillars of risk society theory, and then the cosmopolitan outlook and sociology are discussed. By criticizing Beck's epistemological apparatus as well as juxtaposing the theory of risk society and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of action and fields, in the final section, the article proposes a solution to complete the ontology of risk society and overcome some of its epistemological problems.

This study aims to explore the role of in-depth interviews as a method for evaluating digital skills, motivation, and the soft skills of hospitality employees in the digital era. A qualitative approach is used to provide a deeper understanding of employees' intrinsic motivation and soft skills, which are often difficult to measure with technology-based evaluation tools. This study uses qualitative research method with a descriptive approach to gather and analyze the importance of in-depth interview in identifying hotel employee skills. There were five manager and 45 employees at AAA hotel in Nusa Dua. According to research conducted by the World Hospitality Group (2023), 65% of hotel managers reported that employees' interpersonal skills are a key factor in guest satisfaction, while 55% emphasized the importance of motivation derived from job satisfaction and support from the work environment. Deloitte's (2022) study showed that 48% of hotel employees felt their digital skills were insufficient to face challenges in the digital era, yet 70% of employees stated they were motivated to improve those skills if given the right training opportunities. This highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach in human resource management, where in-depth interviews can help uncover training needs that may not always be evident from quantitative data or technical evaluation results. The findings show that in-depth interviews not only help hotel management explore employees' intrinsic motivation but also identify critical soft skills development areas in guest services, such as empathy, communication, and the ability to handle difficult situations. In a case study involving manager of AAA hotel in Bali, it was found that 60% of employees (27) with high soft skills managed to improve guest satisfaction scores. 20% (9 employees) focused on technical skills. This underscores the importance of a holistic approach to human resource evaluation and development in the hospitality sector. This study recommends using in-depth interviews as part of a broader human resource management strategy in the hospitality industry, particularly in identifying and developing employees' interpersonal skills and motivation, which are crucial in the digital era. In-depth interviews have proven effective in uncovering non-technical aspects that significantly contribute to guest satisfaction and the operational success of hotels.

Objective: The aims of this research are; (1) to explore governing the power of a neoliberal government with a people's economic orientation in improving the welfare of society; (2) to describe and explore the characteristics of a neoliberal government with a people's economic orientation in improving the welfare of society; (3) Exploring the regional government context of Kulon Progo Regency which provides space for neoliberal government practices with a people's economic orientation.
 
 Theoretical framework: Barry Ferguson defines governing power as the government's actions related to the economy where the government has a monopoly over many activities, even though the government is only one competitor of economic activity apart from business actors and society (Ferguson 2020a). This research does not use the word governance but uses the word governing from Barry Ferguson, which places the term governing as the act of government monopolizing all forms of economic activity. According to David Harvey, neoliberalism is a form of government that supports the private property rights of each individual, the supremacy of law, free market institutions, and free trade (Hervey 2007). Rizal Ramli defines neoliberalism as an economic system and policy that prioritizes economic growth, not human development (Ramli 2014). Meanwhile, Kwik Kian Gie defines neoliberalism as an economic system that does not require government intervention (Gie 2022). In this research, neoliberal government with a people's economic orientation can be seen from; (1) a regional government policy model that prioritizes economic growth, not human development (Ramli 2014); (2) a government that does not use power to empower society (Eko 2022); (3) a government that prioritizes market mechanisms rather than a small economy with limited capital (Mubyarto 2014); (4) a government that does not make the people the owner of economic sovereignty and only makes the people the object of the market; (5) a government that does not use its power to protect small communities from the onslaught of liberal capitalism. Meanwhile, a people's economy is defined as an economic system that is more oriented towards human development such as community empowerment (Ramli 2014).
 
 Method: This research is exploratory qualitative research with a case study research approach. Exploratory qualitative research is considered a form of research that does not just describe cases that occur but also explores how the cases occurred (Hardani at al 2020). The case raised in this research is a People's Owned Store or ToMiRa in Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta which was transformed by the local government from an Alfamart and Indomaret franchise store into ToMiRa. Data was collected using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and document searches related to ToMiRa policies and operationalization in the research field. Data analysis uses interpretive techniques, where the data is analyzed using triangulation techniques, namely the technique of combining observation data, interview data, and document data (Abdussamad 2021).
 
 Results and conclusions: The results of this research found that; (1) the actions of the neoliberal government in Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, are aimed at people's economics so that its expansion can be accepted by society at large; (2) in carrying out market expansion, neoliberalism which has a popular economic orientation uses the power of local governments to influence the community not to protest and reject ToMiRa; (3) the actions of the neoliberal government with a people's economic orientation, only using the jargon of People's Owned Stores (ToMiRa) as a strategy to gain public sympathy to obtain high electoral votes in the 2017 regional head elections; (4) regional government with a neoliberalism pattern with a popular economic direction prefers the route of economic growth rather than human development in improving the welfare of society.

This study aims to conduct an in-depth exploration of the public relations communication strategy of Kejaksaan Agung in maintaining and strengthening its institutional reputation amidst the dynamics of media coverage, increasing public demands for transparency, and the persistently low level of legal literacy in society. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach grounded in the constructivist paradigm. Data were collected through document analysis, direct observation of public relations activities, and in-depth interviews with key informants. The data analysis is based on the strategic public relations framework developed by Ronald D. Smith (2021), which comprises four essential phases: formative research, strategy formulation, tactical implementation, and evaluation. The findings indicate that Humas Kejaksaan Agung implements an adaptive and participatory communication approach through the integration of intelligence-based digital analytics, data-driven institutional issue mapping, the development of law-focused educational content, and a rapid response mechanism to public issue dynamics. These findings highlight a strategic innovation that has not been widely discussed in existing public relations literature, particularly within the context of law enforcement institutions. Furthermore, this approach reflects a paradigm transformation from bureaucratic communication models to collaborative, evidence-based, and digitally responsive strategies aligned with public opinion dynamics. Practically, the study recommends strengthening human resource capacity in public relations, particularly in strategic communication competence and legal literacy, to ensure sustained and consistent reputation management in the digital era. Academically, this research provides a conceptual contribution to the development of a strategic communication model for public institutions grounded in formative research and real-time media analytics.

Digital transformation has driven the development of education technology (Edutech) not only as a learning tool but also as a strategic business unit in the educational environment. However, the sustainability of Edutech-based educational business units is largely determined by the quality of the business planning implemented. This study aims to analyze business planning in the development of Edutech-based educational business units and examine its implications for business sustainability. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Research informants were selected purposively from managers and stakeholders of Edutech-based educational business units. Data analysis was conducted thematically through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, and was strengthened by triangulation of sources and methods. The results of the study indicate that systematic business planning has significant implications for the sustainability of Edutech business units in three main dimensions: economic, social, and operational. Business planning contributes to financial stability, efficient resource management, strengthened relationships with stakeholders, and increased adaptability and innovation of digital services. These findings also confirm that business planning functions as a strategic mechanism that integrates educational objectives, business strategies, and technology utilization. Based on a synthesis of empirical findings and a theoretical framework, this study formulates an ideal business planning model for an Edutech-based educational business unit that is integrative, adaptive, and oriented toward sustainable innovation. This research is expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of educational management and Edutech studies, as well as practical recommendations for educational business unit managers in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the relevance of digital skills among graduates of the Office Automation and Governance (OTKP) vocational program at SMK Negeri 1 Bandung with the needs of the labor market in the digital era. The research employed a qualitative case study approach involving productive teachers, graduates, and industry representatives as key informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The results indicate that graduates possess strong basic digital skills such as office software operation and online communication, but exhibit limited competence in virtual collaboration, cloud-based data management, and digital security. The skill gap is influenced by curriculum limitations, insufficient teacher training, and inadequate digital facilities. The study highlights the importance of strengthening the link and match between vocational schools and industries, as well as integrating adaptive digital skills into vocational curricula. The implication of this study emphasizes the need for developing a digital project-based learning model to enhance graduates’ employability and adaptability in the digital transformation era.

Strategic management accounting transformation is becoming increasingly important in the era of digitalization, where companies are required to adapt to technological developments in order to improve efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness. This research aims to analyze how strategic management accounting transformation can support innovation and competitive advantage in the digitalization era. In addition, this research also identifies challenges and success factors in the implementation of digital technology in strategic management accounting. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study method in several companies that have implemented digital-based strategic management accounting. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with finance managers, strategy managers, and innovation teams, as well as observations of the implementation of digital technology in the accounting system. Data analysis was conducted using thematic and comparative approaches to identify the main patterns in the transformation of strategic management accounting. The results show that digitization in strategic management accounting improves operational efficiency, transparency of financial information, and supports innovation by providing more accurate and real-time financial data. However, the study also identified key challenges in this transformation, such as employee resistance to technological change and high investment costs. In addition, top management support and human resource readiness are key factors in the successful implementation of digital technology in strategic management accounting. The implications of this study suggest that companies looking to improve competitiveness through digital transformation in management accounting need to invest in technology, employee training, as well as the development of policies that support innovation.

This study aims to analyze the management of Pesantren Miftahul Huda Karangsalam Parigi and its efforts to preserve the traditions of salafiyah Islamic boarding schools in the digital era. The focus is on how management functions are implemented and how classical educational traditions are maintained amid technological developments. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, while the data analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was tested using triangulation of sources, techniques, and time. The findings reveal that pesantren management is carried out in a participatory manner, emphasizing collective deliberation, role modeling, and moral-based supervision. Salafiyah traditions such as the teaching of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning), and learning methods including sorogan, bandongan, and halaqah are preserved, although limited adaptation to digital technology has been introduced. This indicates that the pesantren successfully maintains a balance between traditional values and modern needs. The originality of this study lies in its depiction of a contextual management model for salafiyah pesantren in the digital era. The results are expected to enrich the literature on Islamic education management and serve as a practical reference for other pesantren in sustaining traditions while responding to modernization.

This study examines social cohesion within the family and the potential threats posed by social media use in the digital era. It focuses on identifying specific forms of disruption to family cohesion and the adaptive strategies families employ in response. The research was conducted in Padang City using a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observation, with families as the unit of analysis. The data analysis followed a three-stage interactive model comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that social media negatively affects familial relationships, as reflected in altered communication patterns, reduced empathy and concern, stronger privacy boundaries, and the emergence of mutual suspicion. In response, families adopt strategies such as mindful management of social media use, heightened awareness of digital risks, and the reinforcement of interpersonal communication to preserve social cohesion within the household.

This paper surveys the four software frameworks being developed as part of the visualization pillar of the SDAV (Scalable Data Management, Analysis, and Visualization) Institute, one of the SciDAC (Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing) Institutes established by the ASCR (Advanced Scientific Computing Research) Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. These frameworks include EAVL (Extreme-scale Analysis and Visualization Library), DAX (Data Analysis at Extreme), DIY (Do It Yourself), and PISTON. The objective of these frameworks is to facilitate the adaptation of visualization and analysis algorithms to take advantage of the available parallelism in emerging multi-core and many-core hardware architectures, in anticipation of the need for such algorithms to be run in-situ with LCF (leadership-class facilities) simulation codes on supercomputers.

The global market has experienced a significant transformation along with the development of digital business technology, especially Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which are faced with new challenges in utilizing the digital era to increase product growth. This research aims to investigate effective marketing strategies in accelerating business growth in the digital era. MSMEs often face difficulties in adapting to these changes and exploiting them optimally for their growth. Despite the enormous opportunities offered by digital technology, many MSMEs have still not adopted the right marketing strategies to achieve success in the digital era. This causes many MSMEs to be trapped in intense competition or even lose their market share. This research aims to explore effective marketing strategies in increasing business growth in the digital era and to provide practical guidance for MSMEs in implementing these strategies. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting case studies of several MSMEs that have successfully implemented digital marketing strategies. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and documentation analysis. The research results show that an effective digital marketing strategy includes the use of social media, relevant and interesting content, search engine optimization (SEO), and data analysis for better decision making. Implementing the right digital marketing strategy can significantly increase MSME business growth in the digital era. It is important for MSMEs to continue to develop knowledge and skills in this regard to remain relevant and competitive in this increasingly changing market.