Abstract
This paper examines how ideological assumptions about the meanings of naturally occurring social arguments lead to different outcomes for women and for men. Three main themes in the ideology of argument are outlined: as rational means of ascertaining the truth, as adversarial confrontation and as rhetoric. Gender roles provide society a way to deal with the conflict between argument and the ideology of affiliation. The division of labour assigns rational truth seeking to men and to women the task of nurturance: this has permitted men to take over argument in all its positive aspects and to attribute to women the negative aspects of argument as damaging confrontation or as unfair rhetoric.
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