Abstract
Regularity and periodicity in the arrangements of organs in all groups of land plants raise questions about the mechanisms underlying phyllotactic pattern formation. The initiation of the lateral organs (leaves, flowers, etc.), and thus, their spatio-temporal positioning, occurs in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and is related to the structure and organogenic activity of the meristem. In this review, we present some aspects of the diversity and stability of phyllotactic patterns in the major lineages of land plants, from bryophytes to angiosperms, in which SAM structures differ significantly. In addition, we discuss some of the possible mechanisms involved in the formation of the recurring arrangement of the lateral organs.
Highlights
Formation of the lateral organs at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a spatially and temporally controlled iterative process [1,2]
Because of its periodic nature, the lateral organs are arranged in regular patterns at the shoot surface
The same phyllotactic organ arrangements occur even in a thallus-forming brown alga, Sargassum, suggesting that the formation of phyllotactic patterns is a universal process across the plant kingdom
Summary
Diversity of phyllotaxis in land plants in reference to the shoot apical meristem structure.
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