Abstract
As the reproductive structures of angiosperms, flowers show tremendous diversity in morphology and structure. The diversification of flowers in basic structure and other features has greatly contributed to the success of angiosperms. In recent years, thanks to the rise of, as well as the rapid progress in evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), our knowledge of the molecular basis for the development and diversification of flowers in basic structure has advanced considerably. In this review, we attempt to summarize the developmental and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the diversification of flowers in terms of types, fusion, arrangement patterns, and number of floral organs, as well as floral symmetry. We suggest that future studies should be focused on the establishment of new model systems, application of advanced approaches and integration of multiple disciplines to elucidate the processes, patterns, causes, and molecular bases of the diversification of flowers in basic structure.
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