Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the composition and diversity of the microbiome in tissues of pancreatic cancer and to determine its role. First, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were obtained from the paired tumor and normal tissues, and 16s rRNA gene sequencing was performed. We identified the microbiomes, compared the diversity between groups, and found that Tepidimonas was more abundant in tumors. Second, larger tumors resulted in lower levels of Leuconostoc and Sutterella, and increased lymph node metastasis resulted in higher levels of Comamonas and Turicibacter in tumor tissues. Moreover, in the case of tumor recurrence, the levels of Streptococcus and Akkermansia were decreased in tumor tissues. Finally, with the supernatant of Tepidimonas fonticaldi, proliferation and migration of cells increased, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites were enhanced. The composition and diversity of EV-derived microbiomes are important for providing novel insights into theragnostic approaches in pancreatic cancer.
Highlights
The 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer is less than 10% [1], and it is predicted to be the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030 [2]
The microbiome has been reported to play an important role in oncogenesis and the immune microenvironment of gastric, colon, and liver cancer, which are direct contacted with gut microbiome or received blood from the portal vein (PV) of the gastrointestinal tract [15,16,17]
The tumor and normal tissues from 15 patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were analyzed (Table 1 and Table S1)
Summary
The 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer is less than 10% [1], and it is predicted to be the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030 [2]. It has recently been reported that the diversity and composition of oral or gut microbiome are associated with oncogenesis, immune response, and patient survival in pancreatic cancer [6,7,8]. Oral and gut microbiomes form a unique metagenome, which are dynamically changing according to nutrition, geography, sex, age, etc. They are known to play a vital role in nutrition digestion, immune response, and carcinogen metabolism [11,12]. The microbiome has been reported to play an important role in oncogenesis and the immune microenvironment of gastric, colon, and liver cancer, which are direct contacted with gut microbiome or received blood from the portal vein (PV) of the gastrointestinal tract [15,16,17]
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