Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the construction of the Jirau hydroelectric plant on the anopheline species, in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. For this, sampling was carried out in 23 locations in the pre (2004) and 23 after construction (2018) phases in the hydroelectric dam's coverage area, performed by human landing catch between 6:00 pm and 10:00 pm. We found 14 anopheline species. In the pre-construction phase, An. darlingi (73%) was the most abundant and after construction An. braziliensis (31.5%) was the most abundant. The T test indicated that there were no differences in the indexes – diversity (H '), richness (Sjack 1), equitability (J’) and dominance (d) of anophelines species - evaluated between the phases (p > 0.05). The spatio-temporal distribution of An. darlingi proved to be wide, with the highest density values observed in March (x¯w = 27.1) in the pre-construction phase and in the months of May (x¯w = 4) and July (x¯w = 3.1), post-construction. Differences in hematophagic activity peaks were observed between species and between phases. According to the data obtained in this study, the construction of the hydroelectric plant had little influence on the composition of anopheline species, however changes were observed in the spatio-temporal distribution of the An. darlingi and in the pattern of hematophagic activity of the species, which directly influenced the dynamics of malaria in the region.
Highlights
After the acceleration of the industrialization process, the economy started to explore the energy potential in water resources to meet the national demand (Sadorsky, 2013; Li and Lin, 2015)
The anopheline fauna found in the area covered by the Jirau hydroelectric plant, considering the pre- and post-construction phases, was composed of 14 species, distributed in the subgenera Anopheles and Nyssorhynchus
It was observed that An. darlingi was the most abundant species in both phases analyzed (Table 1), corroborating the data obtained by Morais et al (2012), Gil et al (2015) and Rodrigues et al (2017), when they investigated the anopheline fauna in Porto Velho (RO)
Summary
After the acceleration of the industrialization process, the economy started to explore the energy potential in water resources to meet the national demand (Sadorsky, 2013; Li and Lin, 2015). The installation of hydroelectric projects implies changes in the environment with possible impacts on flora and fauna (Odinetz-Collart, 1987; von Sperling, 2012) Another relevant aspect is the increase in the incidence of pathogen transmitted by insect vectors, of water transmission and others related to migration (Tadei et al, 2017). In this context, diseases such as arboviruses, schistosomiasis, filariasis and malaria were frequently registered in areas covered by hydroelectric plants in the Brazilian Amazon (Junk and Nunes de Mello, 1987, 1990; Couto, 1999; Sanchez-Ribas et al, 2012)
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