Diurnal variation of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) levels in a southern reservoir lake (Tennessee, USA) in relation to solar radiation

Abstract

Variations of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) concentrations in a southern reservoir lake (Cane Creek Lake, Cookeville, TN, USA) in relation to solar radiation were investigated consecutively from June 2003 to May 2004. The daytime DGM levels in the lake exhibited a two-phase diurnal trend; the DGM concentrations rose in the morning, peaked around noontime and then fell in the afternoon through the evening; these trends followed the general pattern of diurnal solar radiation variations. The morning and afternoon phases appeared to be asymmetrical with the former relatively steep and the latter gradual. A variety of daytime DGM level variations other than the typical two-phase diurnal patterns were also observed. For the time spans studied, the daytime mean DGM concentrations of the lake ranged from 12 to 68 pg L − 1 (60–340 fM). The daytime mean DGM levels in the summertime (June, July, August) showed values above 30 pg L − 1 (150 fM) in most cases and a large number of peak DGM concentrations above 50 pg L − 1 (250 fM). The summer DGM levels in the lake appear to be comparable to those observed in the large northern lakes for the summertime. The daytime DGM levels in the lake were found to correlate with solar radiation to various degrees (cases of r values above 0.8: ∼ 12% and ∼ 18% of the total sampling days for correlation with global solar radiation and UVA radiation, respectively). Correlating trends are recognizable between the daytime mean DGM concentration and the corresponding mean global solar radiation ( r = 0.66, p < 0.0005) and between the daytime mean DGM concentration and the corresponding mean UVA radiation ( r = 0.62, p < 0.0005).