Abstract
The paper presents a study of urban heat island (UHI) intensity and its impact on air quality by using the System of Air Quality Forecasting and Research (SAFAR) network observations over Delhi during the clear sky month of December of 2013 and 2015. It is found that in the month of December 2013 and 2015 the UHI shows a peak in late evening around 20:00 hrs. The concentration of PM2.5 shows a bimodal peak in the month of December of both the years 2013 and 2015 which is due to the enhanced anthropogenic activity during the traffic hours. The formation of UHI during the late evening traffic hours is due to the enhancement in the concentration of PM2.5 due to the enhanced anthropogenic activity with higher ground heat flux and lower PBLH and wind speed which leads to both the years 2013 and 2015 during the month of December. It is also found that UHI intensity shows a positive correlation (r = 0.57) with PM2.5 concentration and a negative correlation (r = -0.40) with wind speed and the PM2.5 concentration also shows a negative correlation (r = -0.57) with wind speed during December 2013. Whereas during December 2015 it has found that UHI intensity has a positive correlation (r = 0.65) with PM2.5 concentration and a negative correlation (r = -0.45) with wind speed and the PM2.5 concentration also shows a negative correlation (r = -0.57) with wind speed.
Highlights
The Urban Heat Island intensity (UHI) is defined as the temperature difference between representative urban and rural stations [1]
The concentration of PM2.5 shows a bimodal peak in the month of December of both the years 2013 and 2015 which is due to the enhanced anthropogenic activity during the traffic hours
The formation of urban heat island (UHI) during the late evening traffic hours is due to the enhancement in the concentration of PM2.5 due to the enhanced anthropogenic activity with higher ground heat flux and lower planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and wind speed which leads to both the years 2013 and 2015 during the month of December
Summary
The Urban Heat Island intensity (UHI) is defined as the temperature difference between representative urban and rural stations [1]. The increasing urban population which associates with the demands for space, water, energy, and other resources, has increased pressure on urban environments This increasing urban population leads to induce a variety of anthropogenic pollution which includes transport, industrial activities, and biomass burning which are in general composed of particulate matter (PM2.5) from mineral dust and combustion processes. These fine mode particulates can directly be emitted by sources or produced by condensation, coagulation, or gas-to-particle conversion, the last being common to combustion sources [5], which is a key pollutant affecting radiation balance and a main factor in decreasing air quality [6]. The purpose of the work is to study the UHI and its impact on air quality by using SAFAR Network for two different years 2013 and 2015 during clear sky condition for winter month over New Delhi
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