Abstract
It is important to investigate the irregularities in aging-associated changes in bone, between men and women for bone strength and osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the changes and associations of mandibular cortical and trabecular bone measures of men and women based on age and to the evaluation of cortical shape categories, in a large Korean population. Panoramic radiographs of 1047 subjects (603 women and 444 men) aged between 15 to 90 years were used. Mandibular cortical width (MCW), mandibular cortical index (MCI), and fractal dimensions (FD) of the molar, premolar, and anterior regions of the mandibular trabecular bone were measured. Study subjects were grouped into six 10-years age groups. A local linear regression smoothing with bootstrap resampling for robust fitting of data was used to estimate the relationship between radiographic mandibular variables and age groups as well as genders. The mean age of women (49.56 ± 19.5 years) was significantly higher than that of men (45.57 ± 19.6 years). The MCW of men and women (3.17mm and 2.91mm, respectively, p < 0.0001) was strongly associated with age and MCI. Indeed, trabecular measures also correlated with age in men (r > −0.140, p = 0.003), though not as strongly as in women (r > −0.210, p < 0.0001). In men aged over 55 years, only MCW was significantly associated (r = −0.412, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, by comparison of mandibular variables from different age groups and MCI categories, the results suggest that MCW was detected to be strongly associated in both men and women for the detection of bone strength and osteoporosis. The FD measures revealed relatively higher association with age among women than men, but not as strong as MCW.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a huge personal and economic burden
Qualitative and quantitative indices of panoramic radiographs have been developed by several studies for indication of bone resorption and osteoporosis [14, 15, 21, 22, 26]
This study evaluated the associations of Mandibular cortical width (MCW) and fractal dimensions (FD) measures with the mandibular cortical index (MCI) categories
Summary
Osteoporosis is a huge personal and economic burden. The combined lifetime risk of hip, forearm, and vertebral fractures coming to clinical attention is around 40%, which is equivalent to the risk of cardiovascular diseases [1]. The high risk for a majority of individuals, who have already had at least one osteoporotic fracture, is neither identified nor treated [2]. In Korea, lifetime risk of osteoporosis-related fractures was estimated to be 59.5% and 23.8% for women and men aged over 50, respectively [3]. Mortality rate after hip fractures was approximately 16% and 28% within 1 and 2 years, respectively [4]. Diagnosis at an early-stage may be important to detect and prevent osteoporotic fractures in men and women from different demographic groups
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