Abstract
An extensive faunal survey of freshwater habitats in Madagascar over a period of 9 years produced a large series of freshwater crabs from all six provinces on the island. The collections included three species of Hydrothelphusa (H. agilis, H. madagascariensis and H. goudoti), and specimens of three monotypic genera, Madagapotamon, Marojejy and Boreas. A detailed examination of a large series of specimens of H. madagascariensis of all ages from numerous locations throughout the island concluded that H. bombetokensis (Rathbun, 1904) should properly be treated as a junior objective synonym of H. madagascariensis A. Milne- Edwards, 1872. Datasets combining the new records with literature records for all species of freshwater crabs in Madagascar were used to produce distribution maps. Overlaps in the distribution patterns of taxa indicate that there are centres of endemism (biodiversity hotspots) for freshwater crabs in the north-west lowland coastal region of Antsiranana Province in northern Madagascar.
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