Abstract
This paper discusses the distribution of selected heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soil from Kimanis, Papar, Sabah. Fourteen soil samples were collected from soil originated from sedimentary rock of Crocker Formation and Quaternary deposit. The Crocker Formation consists of thick sandstone unit and inter-bedded sandstone and shale unit with the age of Late Eocene to Early Miocene. The physico-chemical analysis of soil include the pH value, moisture content, organic content and particle size. Soil of Crocker Formation were classified as sandy loam and sandy clay loam, while Quaternary deposit were classified as sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and clay with loam. The result of analysis shows the soils were acidic with pH values range from 3.06-5.65. Organic matter content ranges from 0.98%-7.63% and moisture content were 13.8%-60.51%. All heavy metals were analyzed using ICP-OES. The result of analysis indicated that Zn shows the highest value then followed by Cu, Pb and Cr. Soil sample from Crocker Formation show significantly high Zn and Cu content, where SC6 and SC7 have Zn value of 274.36 μg/g and 127.82 μg/g respectively, whereas 127.98 μg/g of Cu. The distribution of heavy metals in soil samples are controlled by the mobility and leaching process during chemical weathering and also adsorption by clay particles and organic matter as well as the human activities within the area.
Highlights
This study focuses on the distribution of selected heavy metals chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soil taken from Kimanis, Papar, Sabah (Figure 1)
Physico-chemical analyses on soil samples were done by pH test, moisture content, organic content and particle size distribution. pH values were determined using digital electrometer where 10 g soil added to 25 ml distilled water and stirred, after 30 minutes pH reading was taken
Both soil samples were acidic with pH values range from 3.06 – 5.65 where soils from Crocker Formation were more acidic with the average value of 4.21 than 5.09 in Quaternary deposits
Summary
Trace metals, is a term applied to a large group of trace elements [1]. This study focuses on the distribution of selected heavy metals chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soil taken from Kimanis, Papar, Sabah (Figure 1). The Crocker Formation was made of clastic sedimentary rocks showing turbidite deposit sequence that suggests the depositional environment was deep marine. It consists of thick sandstone unit and interbedded sandstone and shale unit, whereas Quaternary Deposits were made of sand, gravel, silt, mud and organic material (Figure 2) [4]. A total of 14 soil samples from Crocker Formation (SC1-SC7) and Quaternary deposits (SQ1-SQ7) in Kimanis, Papar, Sabah (Figure 3) were gathered and analysed for their heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Additional test on soil samples were done to study their pH, moisture content, organic content and particle size distribution
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