Abstract
Water hyacinth (Eichhprnia crassipes) is the most dangerous and worst invasive aquatic weed in the worldwide including Ethiopia, and negatively affecting millions of water resources, fisheries, transportation and social structure. Water hyacinth was introduced in the water bodies of the Rift Valley in 68years ago and currently, the weed is distributed Lake Tana, Lake Abaya, Lake Koka, Koka Dam. The wide distribution and abundance of water hyacinth has led to decreased water availability and sustainable water biodiversity in Ethiopian lakes. However, the spread of water hyacinth is threatening not only water biodiversity but also socioeconomic development and human wellbeing. Water hyacinth in water bodies and nearby areas the local stakeholder has its negative impact on environmental problem and it’s influenced aquatics biodiversity. This review paper aimed to investigate the distribution, impacts and its integrated management option against water hyacinth in Ethiopia. Therefore, based on the review it can be concluded that human intervention is considered as the current problem of water resource in the country and further study is needed to sustain the water resource are needed to keep water hyacinth at unproblematic levels.
Highlights
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a free floating perennial aquatic weed and one of the major challenging problems in water bodies of the tropics and sub-tropics which originated from the Amazon Basin and has dispersed very rapidly in many countries of Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Pacific in 1950 [1]
Findings reported that the use of bio control agent is the most effective, economical and sustainable management approach for water hyacinth
The use of biological control agent to reduce the level of water hyacinth at the national level has received a big attention and researchers have become engaged in conducting research
Summary
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a free floating perennial (or hydrophyte) aquatic weed and one of the major challenging problems in water bodies of the tropics and sub-tropics which originated from the Amazon Basin and has dispersed very rapidly in many countries of Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Pacific in 1950 [1]. Koka hydro power dam in Ethiopia suffer from rapid reduction of water resource due to water hyacinth problem [28] High infestation of this weed restrict water flow in river and irrigation channels and cause structural bridge damage [29]. Water hyacinth mats block irrigation canal and rivers leading to flooding Once it disseminates very rapidly in a water bodies, the weed drastically changes water biodiversity and this often results environmental degradation and disturb water ecosystem. Findings reported that application of biological natural enemies for the control of water hyacinth is the most effective, economical and sustainable control methods as the control persists for long time with little ongoing cost and without environmental impact [9]. To sustainably manage the abundance of water hyacinth weed; an advance integrated weed management approach is very essential, where manual, mechanical, biological and herbicides are being jointly implemented [8]
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