Distributed Thermal Cracking of AC Pavement with Frictional Constraint

Abstract

This paper develops a model to simulate the distributed thermal cracking of concrete structures with frictional constraint. This model is developed primarily for the thermal cracking asphalt-concrete (AC) pavement structures; however, with some modifications, it is also applicable to similar problems such as shrinkage cracking of concrete and cracking of reinforced concrete in uniaxial tension. This model reflects the multiscale nature of these problems: microcracking or damage on the mesoscale and localization or redistribution on the macroscale. Randomly distributed fictitious cracks are introduced to represent the inhomogeneities and damage in the material at the mesoscale. Friction is recognized as the mechanism leading to stress redistribution and, therefore, damage localization on the macroscale. When the problem is assumed to be one-dimensional and Coulomb friction is used, a semianalytical numerical scheme is developed. The formation of stress-free open cracks is due to the combination of continuous crack growth and unstable jumps, which involve a nonlinear stability analysis. Equilibrium solutions and stability conditions are given in the paper. Displacement controlled analysis is used to follow the unstable equilibrium path after the structure has lost stability. Numerical simulations clearly show that, with slight mesoscale inhomogeneities and in the presence of a constraining frictional force, microcracking or damage on the mesoscale localizes and finally leads to open cracks distributed at a spacing on the order of the macroscale.