Distopya Romanlarının Oluşumu ve Tarihsel gelişimi; Çevirilerinin İncelenmesinde Öne Çıkan Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Dystopian literature emerged as a response to utopia, evolved as a result of its intertextual relation to utopian literature and became a distinctive genre in the twentieth century. Dystopia, which defines and justifies itself with its opposition to utopia, has inherited the utopia’s criticisms for the society. If we look at the history of the utopian literature, we see that the “island” is a common concept. The author of the utopian literature creates an alienation from social order by isolating the fiction from the reality. Therefore, the author can demonstrate in an unbiased way the flaws of the social order, and can describe what should be done for a perfect society. Dystopian literature, in opposition to utopia, uses isolation in order to justify itself with the reality, not for alienation. The translator’s ideological connection to the author with his/her criticism to the author creates a contradiction with the translator’s invisibility, and forces the translator to become visible. The presence of such contradictions forms a fruitful basis for the translation critics and researchers. The contradiction between the translator’s invisibility and the ideological discourse is important in order to determine the translator’s decisions in the translation process and the trends that dominate the translation process and to make sense of these trends.