Abstract
Acute brain injuries pose a great threat to global health, having significant impact on mortality and disability. Patients with acute brain injury may develop distant organ failure, even if no systemic diseases or infection is present. The severity of non-neurologic organs’ dysfunction depends on the extremity of the insult to the brain. In this comprehensive review we sought to describe the organ-related consequences of acute brain injuries. The clinician should always be aware of the interplay between central nervous system and non-neurological organs, that is constantly present. Cerebral injury is not only a brain disease, but also affects the body as whole, and thus requires holistic therapeutical approach.
Highlights
Acute brain injuries pose a great threat to global health as stroke stands out as the second most common cause of death overall, while traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability before age of 45 [1,2]
It may result from direct hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) injury, increased sympathetic tone and high catecholamine release, which has been shown to associate with poor outcome [36]
Hydrocortisone should be administered in all cases of adrenal failure, mineralocorticoid supplemental is recommended if primary failure occurs
Summary
Acute brain injuries pose a great threat to global health as stroke stands out as the second most common cause of death overall, while traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability before age of 45 [1,2]. Patient with acute brain injury may develop distant organ failure even if no systemic diseases or infection are present (Figure 1). The systemic manifestations of acute brain injuries impact mortality and disability. In this comprehensive review we sought to describe the organ-related consequences of acute brain injuries. Common pathomechanism distantorgan organ damage brain conditions. Inflammation, increased sympathetic tone and catecholamine inresponse responsetoto brain injury affect different increased sympathetic tone and catecholamine surge surge in brain injury maymay affect different organsorgans simultaneously, leading to their failure.
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