Dissolution of 4,7-dioxo-7-phenylheptanoic acid in organic solvents

Solubilities of p-coumaric and caffeic acid in ionic liquids and organic solvents

Organosulfur compounds are appealing owing to the diverse oxidation states accessible by sulfur, allowing the precise adjustment of their properties. In this study, we report a practical oxidation method that converts sulfides to sulfones by generating chlorine dioxide in situ from sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in organic solvents. Diphenyl sulfide was effectively oxidized to diphenyl sulfone in yields of up to 96% under optimized conditions, with high selectivity in ethyl acetate and acetonitrile solvents. The method is compatible with a wide range of substrates, including various aryl, benzyl, and alkyl sulfides, although reactivity diminishes with sterically hindered or electron-rich substrates. This scalable and environmentally friendly process overcomes challenges associated with aqueous oxidants, such as substrate solubility and side reactions, providing a robust alternative for sulfone synthesis.

In this study, the temperature dependences of the solubility of 5-(4-methylphenyl)-2- furanpropanoic acid in various solvents were evaluated: methyl and ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, propane-1-ol, and propan-2-ol. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of linear equations according to the Schröder model, which allowed us to determine the enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of solubility at a temperature of 298.15 K. The melting points of the acid were determined using the method of differential thermal analysis, which allowed us to calculate the enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of mixing.

The present study has been carried out to validate a UV spectrometric method for the assay of tolfenamic acid (TA) in organic solvents. TA is insoluble in water; therefore, a total of thirteen commonly used organic solvents have been selected in which the drug is soluble. Fresh stock solutions of TA in each solvent in a concentration of 1 × 10−4 M (2.62 mg%) were prepared for the assay. The method has been validated according to the guideline of International Conference on Harmonization and parameters like linearity, range, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and robustness have been studied. Although the method was found to be efficient for the determination of TA in all solvents on the basis of statistical data 1-octanol, followed by ethanol and methanol, was found to be comparatively better than the other studied solvents. No change in the stock solution stability of TA has been observed in each solvent for 24 hours stored either at room (25 ± 1°C) or at refrigerated temperature (2–8°C). A shift in the absorption maxima has been observed for TA in various solvents indicating drug-solvent interactions. The studied method is simple, rapid, economical, accurate, and precise for the assay of TA in different organic solvents.

The rate of oxidation reaction of the N,N–dimethylaniline with peroxynonanic acid in various organic solvents was studied. It has been found the effective rate constants ( k ) and the activation energy ( E akt ) of the studied process. Between the parameters of the transition state Δ Н ≠ and Δ Ѕ ≠ is some linear relationship, indicating the presence of the compensation effect in our series of experiments. The rate of oxidation and activation energy inflation of solvation peroxyacid and N,N–dimethylaniline. The reaction medium affects the rate of oxidation. Correlation equations between the rate constants of the reactions in the study and the physic-chemical parameters of the solvents were proposed. The correlation equation for effective rate constants and the basic physic-chemical parameters of solvents at 313 K has the form: lgk = 5 . 0118 – ( 8 . 8 421 ± 0.00 08 )f(n) + (0. 8624 ± 0.0001)f( ε ) – (0.003 9 ± 0.0000)B – (0.03 68 ± 0.0000)E T + (0.00 36 ± 0.0000) δ 2 – (0.00 32 ± 0.0000)V M . N =7; R =1.0; S =0.000; F =10.8537. The polarizability, basicity (B), E T , V M and δ 2 of solvent have effect on the oxidation process. Correlation equations for effective rate constants for other temperatures are similar. The correlation equation for effective energies of activation ( E akt ) and the basic physicochemical parameters of solvents has the form: l g Е а kt = 0 . 8844 + (0.0008 ± 0.0003) B + (0.0142 ± 0.0031) E T . N =7; R =0.9592; S =0.0409; F =86.3553. The basicity ( B ) and E T parameters of solvent have an effect on the energy of the activation process. The proposed correlation equations relate the parameters of the transition state of the oxidation process and the physic-chemical parameters of solvents. Keywords: N,N–dimethylaniline, oxidation reaction, peroxynonanic acid, rate constant, activation energy, correlation equation.

Last years the method of the differential thermal analysis has been applied more and more to analyze the phases of the system "gypsum + clinker + portland cement" /1, 2, 3, 4/. Endothermic reactions of the dehydration process and exothermic reactions occured by the change in the crystal screen can be exactly followed by differential thermal analysis.

Determining crystal growth rate-type of curves in glasses by differential thermal analysis

The solubilities of carboxylic acids in certain organic solvents increase remarkably with an increasing amount of water in the organic phase. This phenomenon leads to a novel extract regeneration process in which the co-extracted water is selectively removed from an extract, and the carboxylic acid precipitates. This approach is potentially advantageous compared to other regeneration processes because it removes a minor component of the extract in order to achieve a large recovery of acid from the extract. Carboxylic acids of interest include adipic acid, fumaric acid, and succinic acid because of their low to moderate solubilities in organic solvents. Solvents were screened for an increase in acid solubility with increased water concentration in the organic phase. Most Lewis-base solvents were found to exhibit this increased solubility phenomena. Solvents that have a carbonyl functional group showed a very large increase in acid solubility. 71 refs., 52 figs., 38 tabs.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater-enhanced solubility of carboxylic acids in organic solvents and its application to extraction processesJohn N. Starr and C. Judson KingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 11, 2572–2579Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00011a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00011a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views771Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

The solubilities of carboxylic acids in certain organic solvents increase remarkably with an increasing amount of water in the organic phase. This phenomenon leads to a novel extract regeneration process in which the co-extracted water is selectively removed from an extract, and the carboxylic acid precipitates. This approach is potentially advantageous compared to other regeneration processes because it removes a minor component of the extract in order to achieve a large recovery of acid from the extract. Carboxylic acids of interest include adipic acid, fumaric acid, and succinic acid because of their low to moderate solubilities in organic solvents. Solvents were screened for an increase in acid solubility with increased water concentration in the organic phase. Most Lewis-base solvents were found to exhibit this increased solubility phenomena. Solvents that have a carbonyl functional group showed a very large increase in acid solubility. 71 refs., 52 figs., 38 tabs.

The solubility of three isomers of isobutoxyphenylboronic acid in several organic solvents (chloroform, 3-pentanone, acetone, dipropyl ether, and methylcyclohexane) has been determined experimental...

An odd–even effect on solubility of dicarboxylic acids in organic solvents

Propagation Kinetics of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acid in Water and Organic Solvents Studied by Pulsed-Laser Polymerization

The melting curves of the diphenyl-n-nonadecane system were calculated using the Schroeder equation and using the UNIFAC and UNIFAC Dortmund methods. The calculation results showed that the diphenyl-n-nonadecane system is eutectic. The compositions experimentally studied by the method of differential thermal analysis and calculated by the indicated methods are not eutectic. Individual substances and 9 compositions within the studied system were experimentally studied using a differential scanning calorimeter. Based on the data obtained, a phase diagram was constructed, including one single-phase field above the liquidus curve and 4 two-phase fields – α-n-C19H40+(Ph)2, β-n-C19H40+(Ph)2, L+n-C19H40, L+(Ph)2. The predominant branch of the liquidus curve belongs to the more refractory component, diphenyl. In the solidus at a temperature of 18.7 °C, a polymorphic transformation α-n-C19H40 ⇆ β-n-C19H40 is noted, which coincides with the literature temperature data. The heating DTA curve of the eutectic alloy showed two endoeffects corresponding to the polymorphic transition of n-nonadecane and the melting of the eutectic. The calculation of the eutectic coordinates by the UNIFAC Dortmund method showed the smallest deviation in the composition of the eutectic alloy from the experimental data. For an alloy of eutectic composition, the specific enthalpy of melting, the molar values of the entropy and enthalpy of melting, the volumetric specific enthalpy of melting, and the density for standard conditions are determined. This two-component system was studied by low-temperature differential thermal analysis. The eutectic melt can be used in industry as a heat carrier. Also, the eutectic composition of the diphenyl-n-nonadecane system under study can be used as a working fluid of a heat accumulator. For citation: Kazakova A.I., Yakovlev I.G., Garkushin I.K. Phase equilibrium states in a two-component diphenyl-n-nonadecane system. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2023. V. 66. N 6. P. 46-53. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20236606.6733.

In this article, experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of benzoic acid (BA) solubility in organic solvents was made. Phase diagrams of binary systems of benzoic acid – benzophenone and benzoic acid – benzil were investigated by the thermal analysis methods. Phase diagrams are studied and eutectic coordinates in these systems were determinated. Eutectic point temperature (310.3 K) and composition of benzoic acid (18 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzophenone system and eutectic point temperature (348.5 K) and mole fraction of benzoic acid (35 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzil system were found. In the form of a linear relationship solubility curves of benzoic acid ln X = a – b/T, X – mole fraction BA, T – temperature in K in methyl acetate (a = 2.7748, b = 1389.7), ethyl acetate (a = 1.8099, b = 1102.6), n-propyl acetate (a = 0.9580, b = 854.2), n-butyl acetate (a = 1.2178, b = 902.0), n-pentyl acetate 
 (a = 1.0719, b = 836.0), 1,4-dioxane (a = 0.0164, b = 406.0), chlorobenzene (a = 8.2765, b = 3268.4), n-decane (a = 12.332, b = 4916.9), n-dodecane (a = 14.623, b = 5808.1) were introduced. The solubility of benzoic acid in solvents at 298 K were calculated using the Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters. Comparison of the experimental and literature data was hold. Dependence of benzoic acid solubility on difference of the solubility parameters and the reduced radius was established. Models for the thermodynamic description of the solubility of substances in organic solvents are considered using benzoic acid as an example. Regular solution models with Hansen solubility parameters for express calculate solubility method of benzoic acid in organic solvents were recommended.