Abstract
Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric disease. Although structural and functional abnormalities of the cerebellum in BD patients have been reported by recent neuroimaging studies, the cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity (FC) has not yet been examined. The present study aims to investigate the FC between the cerebellum and cerebrum, particularly the central executive network (CEN) and the default-mode network (DMN) in bipolar II disorder (BD II).Methods: Ninety-four patients with unmedicated BD II depression and 100 healthy controls (HCs) underwent the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed-based connectivity analyses were performed using cerebellar seeds previously identified as being involved in the CEN (bilateral Crus Ia) and DMN (bilateral Crus Ib).Results: Compared with HCs, BD II depression patients appeared decreased FC in the right Crus Ia-left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and -left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the right Crus Ib-left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), -left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and -left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). No altered FC between the left Crus Ia or Crus Ib and the cerebral regions was found.Conclusions: Patients with BD II depression showed disrupted FC between the cerebellum and the CEN (mainly in the left dlPFC and ACC) and DMN (mainly in the left mPFC and temporal lobe), suggesting the significant role of the cerebellum-CEN and -DMN connectivity in the pathogenesis of BD.
Highlights
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, severe and fluctuating psychiatric disease and receives widespread attention due to its various clinical manifestation, complicated course, and difficulty in treatment
Performing independent component analysis in 15 normal humans, Habas et al found that cerebellar Crus I and II mainly participated in the bilateral central executive network (CEN), lobule IX participated in the defaultmode network (DMN), lobules V–VI participated in the sensorimotor networks, and lobule VI participated in salience network [14]
A total of 200 individuals ranging in age from 18 to 55 years participated in this study, including 97 currently depressed adults diagnosed with BD II and 103 healthy controls (HCs)
Summary
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, severe and fluctuating psychiatric disease and receives widespread attention due to its various clinical manifestation, complicated course, and difficulty in treatment. It has been shown to reciprocally connect with many brain regions, like the brainstem reticular nuclei, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray matter, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) [10,11,12]. These connections are hypothesized to be the neural substrates for the cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity (FC). Applying seed-based analysis in 40 normal humans, Krienen and Buckner have found that subregions in cerebellum had FC with the CEN, DMN, and motor network [15]
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