Displays of concession in university faculty meetings

Major changes in personal mobility and in country town service provision have taken place in rural South Australia in the period 1968–69 to 1992–93. The later part of this period was one of major rural recession across Australia as a whole. The impact of this recession is considered by investigating changes in three different geographies of rural South Australians. These are their affective identification with place, their local social interaction and their commercial service consumption. There has been a shift of both commercial and social activity up through the hierarchy of settlement, but this is much more pronounced in the case of commercial activity. These differential rates of change are weakening the once mutually reinforcing links between community self‐identification, social interaction and trading patterns. The full impact of the rural crisis commencing in 1982–83 on social and commercial spatial patterns is unlikely to have been achieved by 1992–93, and adjustment is likely to continue.

With lots of sensors built in, mobile phones become a pervasive platform for seamlessly sensing of human behaviors. In this paper, we investigate how to use location data and communication records collected from mobile phones to obtain human social interaction features and activity patterns. Social Interaction features refer to the temporal and spatial interactive information, and activity patterns include movement patterns. Meanwhile, the similarities and differences of human behaviors at different ages, as well as distinct occupations are analyzed. The results indicate that different population has a diversity of social interaction and activity patterns, and human social behaviors are highly associated with age and occupation. Furthermore, we make a correlation analysis about social temporal interaction, social spatial interaction and social activity, which lead us to conclude that the three elements are interrelated among young people but not middle-ages. Our work could be a cornerstone for research of personalized psychological health assistance based on mobile phone data.KeywordsSocial behaviormobile phone datapervasive computinghealth computing

Later-life socialization is as essential as childhood socialization in enabling people to fill their roles, or increasing roles, expected of them by society. In a study of social assimilation of the Chinese in Bangkok, Thailand, employing the approach to later-life socialization, it is possible to verify differential social assimilation on the basis of different patterns of social and cultural interaction of a minority with its host society. Compared with childhood socialization, adult or later-life socialization remains a research area largely untapped by social scientists. As Brim and Wheeler (1966) note, much of what is relevant to this field of inquiry usually originated as research on topics other than adult socialization or adult personality development per se. Nevertheless, sociologists have long recognized that socialization is a life-long process and the necessity of later-life socialization in adult personality development and role fulfillment is as great as early socialization (cf. Brim and Wheeler, 1966:3-7; Landy, 1959:7-8; Parsons, 1951:207; Riesman et al., 1950:38). The need for later-life socialization stems from the apparent inadequacy of childhood socialization to prepare a person for all the roles he is ; I am indebted to William J. Klausner, Adul Wichiencharoen, Bernard C. Rosen, and Barton Sensenig, all of whom have rendered more or less tangible help to this project. I alone, of course, bear sole responsibility for it. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.35 on Mon, 29 Aug 2016 06:10:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Assimilation in Thailand / 233 expected to fill in his adult life.' According to Brim and Wheeler (1966:6-7): As individuals mature, they move through a seqtience of statuses in the life cycle. Even though some of the expectations of society are relatively stable through the life cycle, many others change from one age to the next. We know that society demands that he alter his personality and behavior to make room in his life for newly significant persons such as his family members, his teachers, his employers, and his colleagues at work. Research on personality, specifically adult personality, in relation to society is generally conceived as having two distinct approaches. The first may be termed approach, the second societal approach. The individual approach concerns itself with the question of how individuals adjust to society and at the same time manage to be individualistic and creative, and even bring about change in society. By contrast, the approach asks how society socializes the individual, that is, how it transforms an unsocialized biological being into a socially oriented person and prepares him to perform the task of society assigned to his role, be it a changing or stable role (e.g. Brim and Wheeler, 1966). The approach considers as basically important the impact of social forces and social interaction upon the attitude and behavior of adult members of society. Using the approach to later-life socialization and based on the data collected in a study of Chinese social assimilation in Bangkok (cf. Punyodyana, 1971), an analysis will be made of the different patterns of social and cultural interaction of three different Chinese groups with Thai people. We will then discuss the impact of these different patterns of interaction on the differential social assimilation of the Chinese into urban Thai society.

Unravelling variation in feeding, social interaction and growth patterns among pigs using an agent-based model

To describe leisure participation in adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHD) and identify factors associated with intensity of participation. Eighty adolescents with CHD were recruited (39 males, 41 females; mean age [SD] 15y 8mo [1y 8mo] range 11y 5mo-19y 11mo) of whom 78 completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) outcome measure of leisure participation. The measure has five subscales: recreational, active-physical, social, skill-based, and self-improvement. Associations between the CAPE and age, sex, and development were examined. Motor ability (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition), cognition (Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised), behavior (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and motivation (Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire) were assessed. Participants exhibited impaired motor (43.5%), behavioral (23.7%), and cognitive (29.9%) development. The most intense participation was in social (mean [SD] 3.3 [0.99]) and recreational (2.9 [0.80]) activity types on the CAPE. Male sex (p<0.05) and younger age were associated with greater physical activity (<15y: 1.87; ≥15y: 1.31, p<0.05). Greater engagement in social activities was related to better cognition (r=0.28, p<0.05), higher motor function (r=0.30-0.36, p<0.01), and fewer behavioral difficulties (r=-0.32 to -0.47, p<0.01). Cognitive ability (r=0.27, p<0.05), dexterity and aiming/catching (r=0.27-0.33, p<0.05), and behavior problems (r=0.38-0.49, p=0.001) were correlated with physical activity participation. Persistence in tasks, an aspect of motivation, correlated with physical (r=0.45, p<0.001) and social activity involvement (r=0.28, p<0.05). Ongoing developmental impairments in adolescents with CHD are associated with decreased active-physical and social engagement, putting them at risk of poor physical and mental health. Health promotion strategies should be considered. Adolescents with congenital heart defects (CHD) have limited engagement in active-physical leisure activities. Cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments are associated with decreased participation in leisure in children with CHD. Female sex and older age are associated with less engagement in leisure. Mastery motivation correlates with participation, suggesting an avenue for intervention.

This article argues that trust cannot be easily isolated as a form of social interaction without the risk of overseeing the nuance between practices and ideas. Using a case study of a rural community in post-socialist Slovakia, the author examines how trust and trustworthiness are built and applied under conditions of profound social transformation. Following mainstream anthropological approaches to post-socialism, he shows that this transformation has deeply affected the patterns of local social interaction. Moreover, following Slovakia's recent EU accession, increased social and work mobility have further complicated the picture. If trust remains a crucial idea underpinning individual social choices, cognitive constructions of trustworthiness tend to diverge from practices. This is due, among other factors, to the difficulty of calibrating spatial and temporal mental models of trustworthiness with trust as social action.

The purpose of this study was to determine: implementation of traning dakwah about the religious motives of Muslims interacting with Christians, patterns of Muslims interaction with Christians and the influence of religious motives between Muslims and Christians and the effect on the pattern of interaction between them in Bukit Permata Housing, Cinunuk, Cileunyi District of Bandung Regency. This study uses a case method with qualitative and quantitative approach, which is believed to be capable of being used to reveal the specific situation in a community using social facts emerge. The research method chosen by the researchers is a case study. That's because the object to be studied regarding a specific phase or typical of the whole personality, and aims to obtain an adequate picture of the religious motives of Muslims interacted with Christians is the nature and distinctive character of the cases in Bukit Permata Housing Karsamanik. Research conducted involving 25 respondents with various predetermined criteria, based on the following conditions: (1). Respondents Muslims who have lived with Christian proximity, (2). Respondents are members of the Housing society Bukit Permata Karsamanik who has settled for at least 1.5 years; and (3). Respondents were considered to meet the requirements to provide a response regarding research themes; From the research conducted, the results obtained in the calculation of the indicators of the implementation Dakwah Training shows that religious motives of Muslims interacting with Christians, obtained an average value of 32.4: 14 = 2.30. If the qualifying criteria are interpreted at the high and low motives, the figures were included in the category quite well. The result of the calculation of the indicators associative patterns of social interaction between Christians Muslims with values obtained by an average of 36.3: 14 = 2.60. If the qualifying criteria are interpreted at the high and low motives, the figure is well categorized either. While the index value obtained correlation of 0.31 which is in the interval from 0.21 to 0.40 with a lower category. The hypothesis testing showed that t count obtained is at 1.62, while the value of t table 1.71. With these results, the hypothesis (H0) is received and the alternative hypothesis (H1) declined. Based on the calculation, the influence of variable X to Y varabel is 5%. Thus it can be said that, patterns of social interaction of Muslims with Christians influenced by religious motives with a value of 5% and 95% influenced by other factors. Religious motives of Muslims in interacting with Christians, is quite good. The pattern of interaction between Muslims with Christians, either. And the influence of religious motives to the interaction patterns among those with a value of 5%.

A variety of studies of residential settings have focused on social interactions as they influence the relationship between activity patterns and environmental satisfaction. It has been shown that differences in distance of available site functions may be effective in determining different patterns of interactions in residential settings. This study examined the relationship between social interaction and functional distance. The total sample size was 200 multi-family householders from the Al-Rawda Housing Complex in the city of Amman, Jordan. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that the theoretical functional distance affects the different patterns of social interaction. Distance from the local mosque was an important motivator for social interaction, as residents made frequent trips to this place of worship. Additionally, distance from children’s play areas was an important motivator for social interaction. Neighborhood entrance and open spaces differentially affected social interaction. Floor level, housing unit area, and width and length of corridor were other important motivators of social interaction.

Social interaction is an important aspect of people’s quality of life. Since social networks are becoming more spatially spread as a result of the development of transportation and communication technology, it is interesting to investigate to which extent local social interactions still take place. This paper therefore analyses to what extent local social interactions are affected by characteristics of the residential environment as well as personal and mobility attributes. The analyses are based on data collected in 2008 in Eindhoven and a number of smaller surrounding villages in the south of the Netherlands among 747 respondents. The data collection instrument consisting of a two-day social interaction diary was used to gather detailed information about the respondents’ interactions and the persons they contacted. Using these data a multilevel binomial logit model is estimated analyzing whether or not a social interaction took place with a local tie (someone within 1 km distance). The results indicate that the likelihood of interacting with a local tie is affected by personal characteristics (age, gender, household size, work), mobility characteristics (number of cars, commuting time), size of the community and the presence of facilities (supermarket, sports, public transport) in the residential area.

Social interactions and activities are key components of social recovery following burn injuries. The objective of this study is to determine the predictors of these areas of social recovery. This study provides a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of adult burn survivors. The Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation-192 was administered to 601 burn survivors for the field-testing of the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile. Survivors aged 18 years and older with injuries ≥5% total BSA or burns to critical areas (hands, feet, face, or genitals) were eligible to participate. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine predictors of the Social Activities and Social Interactions scale scores. A total of 599 people completed the Social Interactions and Social Activities scales. Of these, 77% identified as White Non-Hispanic, 55% were female, 55% were unmarried, and 80% had burns to critical areas. Participants had a mean age of 45 years, a mean time since burn injury of 15 years, and a mean burn size of 41% total BSA. Younger age (P < .01) and being married/living with a significant other (P ≤ .01) were associated with higher Social Activities and Social Interactions scale scores. Individual item responses reveal that survivors had lower scores on items related to participating in outdoor activities (30.4%) or feeling uncomfortable with their appearance (32.4% report dressing to avoid stares). Social interactions and activities are long-term challenges for burn survivors. It is important for clinicians to identify patients who may struggle with social recovery in order to focus on future community-based interventions.

Social interaction refers to the communication among people within one particular area. This act can be recognized and done through simple talk or even through equipment that is commonly used these days, such as televisions, radios, telephones, and all kinds of transportation. Activities also help people to know and become a part of a community, by working and being involved in the same things, such as traditional community festivals, community development, and so on. These activities should be done continually as part of the system of social interaction. Social integrative mechanism means the existence of those who take part in running or working in a communication role, which leads to the interaction among people within a community; social control mechanisms such as laws and norms, organizations or groups within the community, including interest groups for economic or social benefit; communication, transportation, and meeting places such as a community centers. The definitions above are used to explain the patterns of social interaction and integrative mechanisms in communities in the northern Bangkok extended metropolitan region. Prachathipat, Klong-Song, Chiang-RakYai, and Pued-Udom in Pathumthani province were used as case studies. Research results reveal that communities in the northern Bangkok extended metropolitan region are transitioning from rural to urban type at different paces and to different degrees due to physical factors, i.e. , geographical setting, location, distance from the city, and accessibility. In addition, the differences are also due to socio-economic factors, i.e., age, sex, religion, educational level, occupation, income, and duration of stay of community residents, who are mostly comprised of two groups: old-timers and new-comers. In conclusion, three types of communities revealing different patterns of social interaction and integrative mechanisms are found in this area. The first type consists of communities exhibiting low-intensity land use, mostly as residential areas, located on agricultural land. Almost all of the residents are old-timers and have primary social interaction within the family and among friends. The level of social integration is high and integrative mechanisms are informal. The second type is communities with more intense and diverse land use than the first type. The old-timers in these communities begin to have "urban type" social interactions, with rather high levels of social integration through both formal and informal integrative mechanisms. The newcomers in these communities engage in "urban type" social interactions just to gain convenience and safety in living and working. The third are communities with highly intense and diverse activities and land use. Among old-timers in these communities, there is almost no trace of "rural type " social interaction, while integrative mechanisms are both formal and informal. Among newcomers, social interaction is the same as in the second type of community with a low level of integration and mostly formal integrative mechanisms.

332 Associations of neighbourhood greenness with physical and mental health: do walking and social factors explain the relationships?

Social interactions drive many important ecological and evolutionary processes. It is therefore essential to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that underlie social patterns. A central tenet of the field of behavioural ecology is the expectation that the distribution of resources shapes patterns of social interactions.We combined experimental manipulations with social network analyses to ask how patterns of resource distribution influence complex social interactions.We experimentally manipulated the distribution of an essential food and reproductive resource in semi‐natural populations of forked fungus beetles Bolitotherus cornutus. We aggregated resources into discrete clumps in half of the populations and evenly dispersed resources in the other half. We then observed social interactions between individually marked beetles. Half‐way through the experiment, we reversed the resource distribution in each population, allowing us to control any demographic or behavioural differences between our experimental populations. At the end of the experiment, we compared individual and group social network characteristics between the two resource distribution treatments.We found a statistically significant but quantitatively small effect of resource distribution on individual social network position and detected no effect on group social network structure. Individual connectivity (individual strength) and individual cliquishness (local clustering coefficient) increased in environments with clumped resources, but this difference explained very little of the variance in individual social network position. Individual centrality (individual betweenness) and measures of overall social structure (network density, average shortest path length and global clustering coefficient) did not differ between environments with dramatically different distributions of resources.Our results illustrate that the resource environment, despite being fundamental to our understanding of social systems, does not always play a central role in shaping social interactions. Instead, our results suggest that sex differences and temporally fluctuating environmental conditions may be more important in determining patterns of social interactions.

Effects of a recreation therapy program on activity involvement and social interaction of mentally-retarded persons

A variety of public, private and non-profit organizations have developed programs to assist low-income families purchase homes. These programs are often justified on the grounds that homeownership has a number of social and-psychological benefits. On the individual level, homeowners are said to enjoy higher social status and self-esteem, increased sense of control, and higher levels of life satisfaction. On the societal level, homeowners are said to have higher rates of participation in voluntary organizations and local social interaction. The longitudinal research described in this article assesses the validity of these claims by comparing changes in self esteem, perceived control, life satisfaction and social interaction between a group of low-income home buyers and a demographically similar group of continuing renters. The results show that home ownership has a positive and significant impact on both the life satisfaction and participation in neighborhood and block association meetings. Home ownership, however, was not found to significantly affect self-esteem, perceived control or informal social interaction in the local area.