Displaced but not disconnected: the potential of scientific diaspora in the rebuilding of Ukraine

Since the end of February 2022, Ukrainian science experienced significant disruption caused by the full-scale war launched by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. As has often been the case in the history of armed conflicts, they have significantly affected various areas of culture, art and science, including ethnomusicology and its subject of research. The exodus of scholars within the country and abroad, the relocation and risk of destruction of archives, the more difficult condition for work in the field due to the martial law, the reduction of state funding in the fields of science and education, and, at the same time, the growing demand of society for traditional culture and the emergence of new initiatives to protect and preserve Ukrainian heritage — all these facts create new realities to which researchers have to adapt and within which they have to find new approaches to scientific activity. The experience of similar crises in other countries, as well as the experience of preserving archives in general, can be very useful for domestic science. Therefore, with the beginning of the war, institutions, foundations and associations from European countries, the USA and Canada began to actively offer their help in preserving Ukraine’s cultural heritage. The forced migration of researchers also brought a number of advantages, namely the strengthening of international contacts, the acquisition of work experience in foreign institutions by Ukrainian scientists, the presentation of domestic science to colleagues from other countries and thus the popularization of Ukrainian culture in the world. Throughout the war, Ukrainian researchers — musicologists and cultural activists — took part in the scientific and creative processes of various institutions in Poland, Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, Canada, the USA, and other countries. The author of the article examines the history and principles of the organization and preservation of the Sound archive of the Institute of Ethnomusicology of the Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana), having the opportunity to work directly with this collection as a forcibly resettled researcher. The article gives a brief overview of the history of the Institute as the most important ethnomusicological center of Slovenia, examines the activities of key personalities of the Institute, their role in the history of the Institute and the archive, the approaches to collecting and studying the traditional music of Slovenes and outlines the current directions of work with the digital archive. Based on these facts, a comparison is made with traditional music archives in Ukraine and an assessment is given of the possibilities of incorporating the considered methods of organization and data storage into work with domestic collections of musical folklore, taking into account the urgency of such measures in times of increased risk of loss of cultural heritage due to the war.

The article analised the use of the potential of the scientific diaspora is one of the modern approaches to the modernization and integration into the world scientific space of the scientific systems of many countries, including posttotalitarian, in which the transformation of the social system is accompanied by a decrease in the financing of science, theof science, thereduction of the scientific and technical branch and exit promising young scientists into research centers of richer countries. Such negative tendencies for many years are inherent in Ukrainian science, as evidenced by a number of studies. The authors considered the role of cooperation with the scientific diaspora as a factor in the consolidation of high-ranking Ukrainians. The activity of the Ukrainian Academic International Network is analyzed and examples of best practices of scientific cooperation are presented. The importance of attracting the intellectual potential of the scientific diaspora to the processes of reforming and developing education and science in Ukraine is emphasized. It is concluded that the list of best practices of scientific cooperation initiated by our scientific diaspora testifies to its desires and possibilities to contribute to the development of science and education in Ukraine and to promote their inclusion in the European and world research field. Given the current difficult financial situation in the country, this contribution can be a powerful determinative stimulus to ensure further reform and development of the country's economic and intellectual environments. Functioning of academic networks created by academics unites scientists in Ukraine and beyond, and is an example of the consolidation of high-class Ukrainians in general. The role of cooperation with scientific diaspora as consolidation factor of highly professional Ukrainians is discussed in the article. Activity of the Ukrainian Academic International Network is analysed and the examples of best practices of research cooperation are presented. The emphasis is put on the importance of attraction of scientific diaspora intellectual potential to reforming and development of education and science in Ukraine.

This article has been prepared to mark the 180th anniversary of the birth of the eminent Ukrainian scientist and Nobel laureate Illia Mechnikov. The purpose of this article is to review the contributions of Ukrainian biographical scholarship devoted to the figure of Ilia Mechnikov, a native of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine, where he began his teaching and research career (in Odesa). The authors single out, from the broader body of biographical literature, the specifically Ukrainian contribution to Mechnikov studies from the late 19th to the early 21st century. The methodological framework of the study combines general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization) with special historical approaches (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic, and biographical), based on the principles of historicism, systematization, integrity, scientific objectivity, and verification. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that, for the first time in Ukrainian historiography, a comprehensive review has been made of the works by Ukrainian scholars devoted to the study of Mechnikov’s biography and scientific legacy. This forms the foundation for recognizing his belonging to Ukraine’s civilizational heritage and for identifying him as a Ukrainian scientist. Conclusions. The remarkable personality of Illіa Mechnikov (1845–1916) attracted scholarly attention, including from Ukrainian researchers, even during his lifetime. However, a deeper understanding of his place in science and the significance of his intellectual legacy began only after his death – through extensive obituaries and commemorative publications. During the Soviet era, Ukrainian authors sought to demonstrate that the progress of Soviet science was rooted in the strong traditions established by “progressive” scholars of the imperial period, often classifying Mechnikov unambiguously as a “Russian” scientist. Following the collapse of the USSR, processes of national historiographical formation began. Ukrainian scholarship has justifiably incorporated Mechnikov’s legacy into Ukraine’s civilizational treasury, given that he spent much of his life in Slobozhanshchyna and Southern Ukraine, particularly in Odesa. Therefore, from the perspective of national identification, Illіa Mechnikov should rightly be regarded as a Ukrainian scientist.

The professional terminology of Ukrainian researchers and geotechnical specialists was previously formed in Russian within the framework established by the Soviet authorities, as both science and higher education were not allowed to use the Ukrainian language. Therefore, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, according to the Law on Higher Education, textbooks and national science of independent Ukraine were naturally formed by translation into Ukrainian. Meanwhile, during the Cold War, Soviet science developed behind the Iron Curtain from the West, with virtually no scientific and technical exchange. This led to significant differences in the development of entire fields of science. Now, on the way to integration into the European Union, cooperation with European colleagues has increased significantly, and mutual understanding in English is very important. The aim of this work is therefore to find ways of unifying national terminology in the field of civil engineering, particularly geotechnical engineering, to a level acceptable to our Western colleagues who are guided by European standards. The terms «civil engineering» and «geotechnics», which are relatively recent additions to our profession, are used incorrectly even in approved regulatory documents. From the point of view of English terminology, the terms «construction and civil engineering» and «geotechnics and foundation engineering» seem rather strange, because construction is a part of civil engineering and foundation engineering is a part of geotechnics. The difference between the terms «geotechnics» and «geotechnical engineering» should also be taken into account, as the former deals with the relevant scientific foundations and the latter with the application of these scientific foundations. The discipline of «soils and foundations» is known in Western universities as «foundations» and is an important component of «geotechnical engineering». At the same time, the research translation «Bases and Foundations» is never used in professional English literature, except by Russian-speaking scientists, although the word «base» is sometimes used, but not as often as in our country. Unfortunately, the misunderstanding of professional terminology has significant negative consequences, which are highlighted. The Order of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine dated 14.09.2011 ¹ 1057 «On Approval of the List of Scientific Specialties» combines geotechnical and mining mechanics into the scientific specialty 05.15.09 and assigns it to the group of specialties «Development of mineral resources» 05.15.00, while geotechnical mechanics is actually the theoretical basis of geotechnics and a practical tool of geotechnical engineering. The scientific specialty 04.00.07 «Engineering Geology» is classified by the Order as a group of geological scientific specialties, although it is much more related to construction, and the specialty 03.00.18 «Soil Science» is generally classified as a group of biological scientific specialties. At the same time, the order does not include the group of specialties «Civil Engineering» at all, and the group of scientific specialties 05.23.00 «Construction» does not include the specialty «Geotechnical Engineering». It was suggested that on behalf of the Conference to address the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine with a proposal to introduce appropriate amendments to the Order of 14.09.2011 № 1057 «On Approval of the List of Scientific Specialities». Based on the analysis of the legislative regulation of the activities of public organisations, a new name of the national public organisation «Ukrainian Public Organisation of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering» is proposed for discussion by the conference participants.

This article analyzes the impact of the Ukrainian diaspora on Ukraine using an extensive survey of more than sixty opinion leaders, scholars, representatives of Ukrainian organizations in the diaspora, as well as data shared by these organizations and relevant scientific literature. The article attempts to identify the main types of influences by areas and nature of the activity of the diaspora. One type of influence of the diaspora is informational or propaganda influence. Through the Ukrainian media, literature, art, scientific works, petitions, actions, and protests, the Ukrainian diaspora promotes information about Ukraine, contributing to the creation of a positive international image for the country. During the massacres and imprisonment of Ukrainian dissidents worldwide, student and human rights organizations set up committees to defend political prisoners under the leadership of Ukrainian diaspora representatives. The struggle for the release of Ukrainian political prisoners was also waged by the Ukrainian media that published self-published works (samvydav), research, memoirs, and documents of many Ukrainian political prisoners, documents and bulletins of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, as well as many other materials about Soviet arbitrariness in Ukraine. Today, all Ukrainian diaspora organizations, to a greater or lesser extent, are fighting against Russian propaganda. Another type of influence of the diaspora is political influence, i.e., the ability of the diaspora to facilitate the adoption of political decisions beneficial to Ukraine by their host countries. Ukrainian diasporas are actively lobbying for Ukraine’s interests, which resulted in the proclamation of Captive Nations Week in the USA, recognition of the Holodomor as genocide of the Ukrainian people in 17 countries, the introduction of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act and other bills to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, establishment of support groups for Ukraine in the US and Canadian Parliaments, adoption of numerous laws and political documents worldwide that condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, impose sanctions on the Russian Federation, and create a legal basis for providing financial, humanitarian, and military assistance to Ukraine. The economic or financial influence of the Ukrainian diaspora on the homeland is represented by remittances sent by representatives of the diaspora to their relatives who still live in Ukraine and by financial aid provided to Ukraine by diaspora organizations and patrons to achieve specific goals. Thanks to the diaspora efforts, millions of dollars in assistance were provided to Ukraine during the years of its independence. Significant results have been achieved in the field of cultural and educational impact. The most notable examples of educational and cultural influence are the return of Ukrainian folklore and traditions to Ukraine taken away by the Soviet oppression; the establishment or restoration of organizations such as Plast, the Shevchenko Scientific Society, the Ukrainian Youth Association; organization of internship programs for Ukrainian students and young specialists; creation of advisory programs for the Government of Ukraine with the participation of highly-qualified Western specialists; transfer of know-how; and creation of training programs for Ukrainian police and army. Specific examples given in the article can demonstrate the extraordinary efforts made by the diaspora to support and assist Ukraine.

Help is needed for physicists and students who were uprooted from rebel-controlled eastern Ukraine. But the particulars are just being fleshed out.

The article analyzes the situation of research problems of formation and development of foreign policy of the Czech Republic in the works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. The scientific problem attracts considerable interest of specialists in the field of international relations, because it is relevant and unstable. The article summarizes the new material on the research topic of historiography. The purpose of this article is to analyze the state of development of our research in domestic and foreign historiography. To achieve this goal, the author considered the bulk of the scientific literature on the foreign policy of the sovereign Czech Republic. For the objective disclosure of the topic by the author, the literature was distributed according to the problem principle. The development of international relations of the CEE countries in the post-communist period and the Czech Republic, in particular, was covered in many scientific and popular science works. Among foreign researchers, the author singles out mainly Czech, Slovak, German and British. Such an ethno-geographical number of scientists is due to the specifics of the geopolitical location of the Czech Republic. Ukrainian researchers were viewed through the prism of domestic foreign policy. The article presents an analysis of scientific research in the field of the following issues: general transformational transformations in the CEE region, formation of the sovereign Czech Republic and national policy, experience of integration into the European Union and NATO, Visegrad cooperation, development of Czech-Slovak relations and formation of Ukrainian-Czech interstate cooperation. To fully and comprehensively cover the research problem, the author used a significant amount of material from periodicals in Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Germany. A review of the works used by domestic and foreign researcher’s shows that the vast majority of publications raise general questions about the course of domestic political transformation processes in the field of political science, economic or cultural research.

The emergence of a sovereign state of the Republic of Macedonia in the early 90's of the twentieth century. revived interest in issues related to the population, history, culture and name of the state itself. The article analyzes the works of Ukrainian researchers devoted to the problems of the history of the modern republic of Northern Macedonia. The main scientific achievements of domestic historians who study problems that are of great scientific interest not only in Ukraine are analyzed. It is emphasized that only at the end of the twentieth century. In Ukraine, researchers began to pay active attention to the study of the historical past of Macedonia. Today we can identify the most researched issues of Macedonian history in domestic historiography. The first scientific works were devoted to the study of cultural relations between the Russian Empire and the population of the Macedonian lands in the second half of the nineteenth century. XX century, the study of the attitude of Western Europe and Russia to the situation of the Slavic population in the Macedonian lands at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. In the works of Ukrainian researchers, much attention is paid to the study of problems that are important for Ukraine – the process of formation of the national liberation movement. The preconditions for the emergence of Macedonian revolutionary organizations in the early twentieth century are studied. Ukrainian researchers are very interested in issues related to the proclamation and formation of an independent state, socioeconomic life and the development of interethnic relations in Macedonia in the second half of the twentieth century. Actively is investigate the causes, course and consequences of ethnic and political conflict in the early XXI century. At the beginning of the XXI century. a new stage in the development of the study of Macedonia in Ukraine began. As a result of cooperation between scientists of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Macedonia, scientific collections were published. The similar historical destiny of the Macedonian and Ukrainian peoples is important in the study of Macedonian issues in the historical science of Ukraine.

Introduction. In the current context of the transformation of the higher education system in Ukraine, taking into account the state-level declared aspiration to join the European Union, aligning the national legal framework with European standards becomes particularly important. Experts point to a number of problems and contradictions in the legal regulation of physical education within Ukraine’s higher education system The aim of the article is to identify common and distinctive features in approaches to the legal regulation of physical education in the higher education systems of Ukraine and selected European Union countries (using Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic as examples. Materials and мethods. The study employed theoretical research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, general scientific methods of theoretical cognition (induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison). The source base consisted of legal documents effective in Ukraine, the European Union (EU), and selected EU member states. Results. The legal framework regulating physical education in Ukraine’s higher education system comprises several legislative acts adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, documents issued by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The approaches and logic of forming the legal framework regulating the higher education system in Ukraine generally coincide with the practices of EU countries. The main difference is the existence of several documents containing recommendations for organizing higher education that apply across the entire EU territory. Conclusions. Ukrainian legislation contains certain contradictions in regulating physical education in higher education. Some documents clearly regulate physical education as a mandatory component of educational programs, while others leave the right to higher education institutions to independently determine the forms of physical education implementation. In EU countries (Poland, Germany, Czech Republic), mandatory physical education classes in higher education institutions are not stipulated; the mechanism for implementing such classes is determined by the autonomy of the institutions themselves

Type of the article: Research ArticleAbstractThe article examines the interdependence between a country’s investment attractiveness and its level of debt security, as debt risks significantly shape foreign investors’ decisions and determine the stability of capital flows. The study aims to quantify the impact of debt sustainability on investment activity using the proposed approach, which allows for analyzing this dependence under both normal macroeconomic conditions and crisis environments, including war-related shocks. The empirical assessment is conducted on a sample of six countries – Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Türkiye, and Ukraine – which share structural characteristics such as economic openness and reliance on external financing, yet differ substantially in their debt trajectories. For each country, an analytical model of investment attractiveness is constructed based on the integrated debt security index and key macroeconomic indicators. The results reveal pronounced cross-country differences. In Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, debt sustainability demonstrates a stable positive effect on investment activity, consistent with their moderate debt burdens and macroeconomic stability. Hungary and Türkiye show a weaker and more volatile relationship, reflecting higher sensitivity to debt risks and unstable macro-financial conditions. In Ukraine, the crisis (war-related) shock leads to a significant decline in investment attractiveness, offsetting the positive influence of improvements in individual debt or macroeconomic indicators. The obtained models can be applied for comparative analysis, evaluation of debt policy outcomes, and scenario-based forecasts of investment recovery under different economic and crisis conditions.AcknowledgmentThis study is funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and contains the results of projects No. 0121U112685 “Economic foundations of debt security management in Ukraine under war conditions”.

Relevance of the researching topic. The path to European and world integration chosen by Ukraine will strengthen the need for modernization of all spheres of public life, first of all, the educational sector, which in modern conditions is a key generator of social changes. Thus, the study of the updating of the educational process, information technologies of its provision in the conditions of the development of knowledge economy in our country today are actualized as never before. Formulation of the problem. Modern conditions for the development of the knowledge economy determine new requirements for financiers who are well aware of the peculiarities of modern and future innovation development of Ukraine, they develop new ways of evolution of the financial and credit system, ensuring financial stability and competitiveness of Ukraine in conditions of its integration into the world economy. As a result, the requirements for their professional training are increased, which requires both profound transformations in the system of higher education itself and in providing the educational process with new information technologies. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problematic issue was, to a greater or lesser extent, covered in the works of many scholars. Although these scientific works do not exhaust the deep nature of researched issue, they can be fully appreciated as a theoretical and methodological basis and a source for the research. The authors considered works, devoted to highlighting the role and significance of the knowledge economy’s development, the essence and important structural elements of teaching technology, the characterization of traditional and innovative technologies of vocational training, the problems of introducing a practical approach in the educational process, methodological aspects of the implementation of ICT and remote technology in the educational process. Identification of unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite the considerable scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign researchers, the problem of professional training of specialists in the period of formation of the information society is not exhausted. This requires further study of the content updating of the educational process in universities, information technologies for its provision in the conditions of the development of knowledge economy. The purpose of the study is the illustration of the problem of improving the quality of the educational process of professional training of specialists in finance, banking and insurance in the context of the development of the knowledge economy in Ukraine, defining the directions of its solution on the basis of implementation of the practice-oriented approach in the educational process and application of the latest educational and information technologies. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Among the general scientific methods were used methods of structural analysis and synthesis, generalization. Among the special methods, methods of grouping, comparing, and computer programming were used. Results of the research. The authors substantiated the necessity of building the information society in Ukraine, which envisages the transition to the priority scientific and technological and innovative development, namely providing education, training of a person for work in the information society. They had investigated modern problems of implementing a practical-oriented approach in the educational process. The peculiarities of content updating of educational process in higher educational institutions, information computer technologies of its provision in the conditions of development of knowledge economy have been revealed. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of professional training of financiers by higher educational institutions, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted research, the use of modern information technology in providing professional training of financiers in the conditions of development of knowledge economy in Ukraine results from the fact that the training of future specialists should be based on the principles of a practical approach, which is formed based on the model of the future professional, the logic of future professional activities, and provides conditions for the transformation of the student’s educational activity into a professional activity of a specialist. As an example of the Khmelnytsky National University, it has been proved that the current policy of creating, broadly introducing the latest ICTs in the educational process and their constant improvement, in accordance with changes in the current legislation and time requirements, contributes to ensuring the high quality of education, expanding the range of educational services and giving them the opportunity in the time convenient for them to get education (including the employed population, people with disabilities and foreign students), and is an example for other high schools for the implementation of high-quality education the first process in higher education.

Actuality of the study is that the rapid development, in particular, of innovative technologies, enables to bring the educational process to a new high level, which will provide a better training of specialists in the field of design, which are necessary for the prosperity of our country. The article explores design artifacts that are differentiated in the cultures of information society. The concept of how the innovative technologies influence on the design of the spatial-object environment is considered.Problems of studying innovative technologies were taught by such scientists as: O.Bazilevsky, V.E. Barysheva, I.S. Rizhova. Problems of studying the design of the spatial-object environment were also carried out by Ukrainian scientists such as S.P. Migal, I.S. Rizhov, V.O. Timokhin, N.M. Shebek, T.V. Malik. Among the Ukrainian researchers, thinking about the existence of the city should be noted T. Voznyak, M.Karpovets, T.Kornienko, M.Prepotenska and others.The realization of this goal requires solving such tasks as outlining different approaches to understanding the phenomenon of space-object environment design; definition of the specificity of innovative technologies in the modern ecological city. Research methods. In theory and practice of research of innovative technologies, methods of structural-system, structural-functional analysis are widely used. Methods of structural-system analysis are used to solve complex problems related to the activities of people in the city, as well as to identify the structure of the city as a dynamic system that promotes self-development of society and personality. Methods of structural-functional analysis are based on the interaction between the structural components of the space-subject environment and their relationship with the functions of the system. The result of the study. In order to solve the problems of the influence of innovative technologies on the design of the spatial-object environment, one should create a concept of the strategy for the development of innovative technologies, aimed at cooperation with leading companies in the industry and the production of domestic analogues in accordance with world standards. Conclusions Innovative technologies as a factor in the development of modern design of the spatial-subject environment represent a synergy of science, technology, cultural development, on the one hand, as well as state, education, creative social entrepreneurship - on the other. That is why innovative technologies represent the basis of intellectual and creative resources aimed at achieving economic and design success, which will represent the socio-cultural progress of society, which will take place thanks to innovative technologies and creativity of designers. The practical significance of the research topic lies in the fact that research designer artifacts that are differentiated in the cultures of the information society

In independent Ukraine, political forces have formed a new system of state power. It functionally covered administration and local self-government. The adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996 was an important event in this direction. The current system of government was enshrined in law. There is no place in the legislation for the term public In 1997, a government decree legitimized the branch of administration science. The choice of the European integration path of development and obtaining world traditions changed the attitude to the term public. Twenty years later, in 2016, the new version of the Civil Service Law in Ukraine legitimized the sphere of administration.Research on administration and its methodological support has increased in quantity and quality. Many Ukrainian scientists have been involved in solving problems and issues of development of the methodology of administration science. For a better understanding of this process and due to the lack of its established systematization, it is worthwhile to identify the most important general methodological concepts of administration and analyze their development in these studies.The purpose of the article is to determine the general methodological concepts of administration and highlight their development by Ukrainian scientists.The article identifies general methodological concepts of administration based on the established concept and analysis of modern scientific achievements.V. Lugovyi, V. Knyazev, V. Bakumenko, Y. Surmin, I. Nadolny, P. Nadolishniy, V. Tertychka, S. Seryogin, S. Teleshun, O. Karpenko, S. Kravchenko, O. Rudenko, S. Popov, L. Prykhodchenko, R. Voitovych, H. Khachaturyan, A. Degtyar, I. Cherlenyak, I. Pismenny, O. Vasylieva, O. Chervyakova, I. Rodchenko, M. Tsedik, V. Galushka, S. Shturkhetsky and others developed such concepts in their research. We have identified the concepts: – of systemic development of administration methodology,– objectification of administration,– formation of professional language in administration,– creativity of management,– ensuring self-organizing capacity in administration,– ensuring stability of administration,– influence of social transformations on administration science,– expert-analytical support research on administration,– scientometrics of research on administration,– оf transformations of administration into administration and administration.The concept of systematic development of administration methodology is fundamental. Other general methodological concepts add and reveal its essence more.Together, these concepts provide the creation of meanings for the formation of domestic science of and administration based on systematics, objectivity, stability, creativity, priority, prospects, self-organization, expertise, scientometrics, controllability, establishment of national professional language, transformation into the world scientific field.This set of creative meanings determines the importance of the above general methodological concepts of administration. It should draw more attention of Ukrainian researchers both to them and to other such concepts. First, this applies to scientific youth.We have not defined all the general methodological concepts of administration. There are many more. This opens up prospects for continuing this study and attracting new Ukrainian researchers.

Background: The question of interaction between the church and religious organizations, the role of the church in the formation of civil institutions has always been of interest to foreign and ukrainian scientists. The following ukrainian researchers can be noted: Vasin M., Tkachuk Y., Vyhovsky L., Dokash V., Melnyk M., Rybachuk M., Voinalovich V. and others. The role of church as a component of civil society is growing significantly during the war due to the active social position in solving social problems. Purpose: To investigate the main areas of activity of church in solving social problems during of the war in Ukraine. Methods: Analysis of data from sociological studies conducted by the sociological service of the Razumkov Center. On the basis of the obtained data, it is possible to determine the level of trust in church in society and society's request for the activity of the church in solving social issues. Results: It is possible to note the tangible activity of the church and religious organizations in the socio-political, socio-cultural life of Ukraine. The Church manifests itself as a powerful and integral institution of civil society, capable of protecting the interests of citizens and solving their problems. Conclusion: The high authority and trust in the society towards the institution of church turned it into one of the important factors in the formation of civil society. The church can act as a factor of national and social consolidation of Ukrainian society. Keywords: church, religious organizations, civil society, social activity of church

The article is devoted to the study of various approaches to understanding the essence, purpose and significance of the disciplinary impact measures common in the science of criminal executive law. The author considers the scientific positions of both Soviet and modern Ukrainian researchers on the given problem. The author emphasizes that the legislator does not outline the essence and significance of the disciplinary impact measures, but only partially formulates their purpose, denoting that the objectives of the criminal executive legislation of Ukraine are to determine the procedure for applying influence measures to convicted persons for the purpose of correcting and preventing antisocial behavior (Part 2 of Article 1 of the Criminal-Executive Code of Ukraine). The article emphasizes that the system of the disciplinary impact measures, which can be applied to persons sentenced to imprisonment, is one of the means of ensuring the regime of serving the punishment, which is claimed, in particular, by such scholars as O. Dzhuzha, M. Romanov, A. Stepaniuk, S. Stefanov. Consequently, the author reveals the meaning of the regime as an established order of execution and serving of punishment, highlighting the positions of Ukrainian researchers O. Kolb and A. Stepaniuk regarding the understanding of its essence. At the same time, it is emphasized that the legislator understands the regime as one of the main means of correction and resocialization of convicts (Part 3, Article 6 of the CEC of Ukraine). The article states that the application of the disciplinary impact measures is based on a combination of the use of the method of persuasion and the method of coercion, which was pointed out, in particular, by the Soviet scholars M. Belyaev, I. Noy, M. Struchkov, Y. Tkachevsky, as well as the Ukrainian scientist A. Gel and representatives of the State Criminal-Executive Service of Ukraine. The author summarizes that the Ukrainian theoreticians of criminal executive law, namely A. Gel, S. Miroshnychenko, G. Semakov, A. Stepaniuk and I. Yakovets, summarizing the understanding of the essence expressed in legal science concerning the disciplinary impact measures, recognize them as means of stimulating convicts to obey the law. Therefore, the author states that the application of the disciplinary impact measures (that is, both incentives and sanctions) to the juveniles sentenced to imprisonment is intended to stimulate juvenile prisoners to obey the law and, therefore, to serve the purpose of correction and resocialization of the convicted, and as well as prevention of new offenses.