Disenfranchisement and poverty in the post-settlement phase of Māori claims

This thesis explores the role that sport played in New Zealand society from 1840 to c.1890. Four main chronological chapters discuss the developments across the six settlements of Auckland, Taranaki, Wellington, Nelson, Canterbury, and Otago. The discussion examines how sport grew and changed during this period, and how sport became intertwined with the social lives of those who arrived as colonists and settler migrants, those whose home it was, and increasingly over the period, those born in New Zealand. The main sports participated in by the inhabitants of New Zealand during this period were cricket, sailing, and horse racing, followed by rugby from c.1870 onwards. These were joined by an array of other minor sports including tennis, football, and boxing that formed a diverse sporting scene. Sports were played across the whole year with clubs and social groups having formed from an early stage, but public holidays such as anniversaries were also often celebrated with a sporting event such as a regatta, horse race, or cricket match. Participation and spectatorship to some degree included all strata of New Zealand society across gender, race, class and others with each affecting how and why sport was engaged with. Sport has long been included in general histories of New Zealand, whether at a national or local level histories. In these histories it has been a minor observation without much analysis, depth or careful study and has existed from time to time rather than as a consistent component of New Zealand society. Specific sport history in New Zealand is still in its infancy, with the first book dedicated exclusively to examining the history of sport in New Zealand being Ryan and Watson’s Sport and the New Zealanders published in 2018. Issues of race and gender have attracted some commentary. Hokowhitu’s works on the perception of Māori masculinity and how sport shaped this image has added to the historiography on race in the sporting scene in New Zealand. Macdonald’s chapter in The New Oxford History of New Zealand (2009) argued that being a woman was the most exclusionary factor in New Zealand sport, instead noting how ideas of masculinity were pervasive in sport during this period. Curtin and Palmer’s works, largely about women involved in rugby, have added to the historiography on gender which has grown in the last decade. This was added to by Auger and Simpson’s The Warm Sun on my Face in 2020 which detailed the history of women’s cricket in New Zealand. This thesis adds to this historiography by examining sport in the smaller communities of New Zealand as well as positioning it within the larger systems of sport within the British Empire. This has been done by examining specific sporting events, such as the Auckland Regatta, interprovincial cricket matches, and international tours, as well as the general sporting scene of clubs, committees and schools. The themes of the existing historiography, of gender, race, and class related patterns of inclusion and exclusion have been put into a more localised context, exploring how time and place affected how these themes were interacted with. The findings are that the nature of sport varied vastly from place to place, and changes were swift as a gap of just ten years had profound effects on the sporting scene. Race was used as a divide in sport from the beginning of the period under review, however Māori participation was still frequent although it would decrease from the mid-1850s onwards before seeing a resurgence in rugby from the mid-1870s onwards. The military and colonial officials were key to the early popularity of sport, especially cricket, as they made up a significant proportion of the population in the 1840s and 1850s, before being involved in the conflicts of the 1860s. The major primary source from this period for the study of sport in colonial New Zealand is newspapers. Newspapers were common from the beginning of the major settlements of New Zealand and reported extensively on sporting events. More than just giving an account of the result of the events, they would give a commentary on the general running of the event allowing for a far deeper examination of the social dynamics at such fixtures. There were also the school magazines from many of the elite public schools that started to be published in the 1880s and detailed the sporting events of the school such as fixtures, training, and the construction of sports facilities, as well as alumni news. The conclusions of this thesis are that sport was an integral part of life in New Zealand both as light entertainment and recreation as well as a tool for people within the colonial structure to impart their imperial aims

PurposeThe paper aims to focus on a well‐known topic in the financial literature: the relation between capital structure and firm value. The controversial empirical results on this topic can be attributable to a lack of attention to the interaction between capital structure and other corporate governance variables. In fact, capital structure represents a corporate governance device that can preserve corporate governance efficiency and protect its ability to create value.Design/methodology/approachThe paper, after a synthetic review of the main literature, defines, with a descriptive model, a theoretical approach that can contribute in clearing up the relation between capital structure, corporate governance and value. It provides a research proposition, and some suggestions, that should be applied for future empirical research on this topic while it also promotes a more precise design for empirical analysis.FindingsThe debate on the relation between capital structure and a firm's value needs to take directly into account the role of moderation and/or mediation of the corporate governance. It is necessary to consider the presence of complementarity between capital structure and other corporate governance variables such as: ownership concentration; managerial ownership; the role of the board of directors; and so on.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper promotes, as an aim for future research, a verification of the validity of this model through application of the analysis to a wide sample of firms.Originality/valueThe paper tried to suggest how to improve previous controversial analysis on this topic.

The Influence of Corporate Governance on the Relation Between Capital Structure and Value

PurposeThe principles of good corporate governance (GCG) in Islam are more stakeholder oriented than shareholder oriented. If the implementation of GCG always refers to the principles of GCG that are sourced from the values of capitalism, it is necessary to reconstruct corporate governance so that it can be applied to Sharia institutions. Therefore, this study aims to carry out a detailed development of Islamic corporate governance with careful evaluation of the various aspects of the scientific panorama inherent in Islamic business and social finance.Design/methodology/approachThe approach in this research is Islamic corporate governance research as a reference in “Article Title, and Keywords” based on Scopus from 1994 to 2021. The analysis was carried out in December 2021. VOSviewer and Excel software were used to analyze the collected data and apply bibliometric analysis.FindingsThe research findings indicate that Islamic corporate governance research can be categorized into subfields, such as research on the basics of Islamic corporate governance, analysis of Islamic corporate governance and research on various applications of Islamic corporate governance in Islamic finance. Although there is some important or fundamental research in Islamic corporate governance, this does not yet answer for such a powerful Islamic financial instrument. This study relies on research in the existing Islamic corporate governance literature and future research.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relies on research in the existing Islamic corporate governance literature and future research. The outcome of the current study will provide a strategic perspective to law-making bodies and practitioners of the organization to implement Islamic corporate governance to attain a higher sustainability performance.Practical implicationsGCG practices make companies have better performance; the failure of small and medium enterprises is the result of weak corporate governance practices. Corporate governance is indeed not a solution to all the problems faced, but governance is an unquestionable thing to achieve business success.Social implicationsIt discusses above the current state of corporate governance practices in the conventional economy and establishes the measurement of GCG at the functional level, compared from Islamic perspectives. Like any other civilization and religion, Islamic culture also embedded GCG since the early days of Islamization.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the existing Islamic corporate governance literature by bibliometric analysis. The definite results and research areas can help scholars and researchers to conduct future research to enhance the scientific development of Islamic finance and provide alternative instruments to implement corporate governance according to Islamic values.

Background: The dynamic interplay between corporate financial strategies, particularly capital structure and dividend policies, significantly influences firm value in the manufacturing sector.Knowledge Gap: While previous research has explored the direct relationships between capital structure and firm value, less attention has been paid to the moderating effects of dividend policy, profitability, and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in this context. Aims: This study aims to assess the moderating roles of dividend policy, profitability, and GCG on the relationship between capital structure and firm value. Results: The findings indicate that dividend policy, profitability, and GCG significantly moderate the relationship between capital structure and firm value, suggesting that firms must balance dividend distribution with their capital structure decisions. Novelty: This research contributes to the existing literature by integrating dividend policy and GCG into the analysis of capital structure's effect on firm value, addressing previously overlooked aspects. Implications: The study underscores the importance of prudent dividend policies and robust corporate governance in enhancing firm value, offering valuable insights for managers and investors aiming to optimize financial performance in the competitive food and beverage manufacturing sector. Highlights : Moderating Effects: Dividend policy, profitability, and GCG significantly moderate the relationship between capital structure and firm value. Financial Balance: Firms must balance dividend distribution with capital structure decisions to enhance overall value. Managerial Insights: The findings provide crucial insights for managers and investors to optimize financial performance in the food and beverage sector. Keywords: capital structure, dividend policy, firm value, profitability, Good Corporate Governance

Foundations of venture capital and corporate governance Theoretical foundations: agency theory and dynamic resource-based view Relationship between venture capital, corporate governance, and firm value Qualitative and quantitative analyses Influence of venture capital on corporate governance Influence of corporate governance on firm value

The purpose of this research is to analyze the direct impact of board structures on intellectual capital and firm value. The intellectual capital has a role as the mediating variable between corporate governance and firm value. Corporate governance is indicated by board size, gender diversity, and managerial ownership. Intellectual capital and firm value are measured by VAICTM and Tobin’s Q approximation respectively. Specifically, this study is conducted in the consumer goods sector during 2010-2015 in Indonesia and Malaysia. Total samples gathered from Indonesia Stock Exchange and Bursa Malaysia are 25 Indonesia companies (150 firm-year) and 106 Malaysia companies (636 firm-year). Partial least square is applied in order to examine the research model. The findings support all the proposed hypothesis, that corporate governance in both Indonesia and Malaysia have a positive significant impact on intellectual capital and value. In both countries, intellectual capital also has a positive significant impact. However, the main driver of significance on intellectual capital is different. Furthermore, intellectual capital in Malaysia is successfully intervening in the relationship between board structures and firm value

Bibliography of Books and Articles Published on Colonialism and Imperialism in 1999 Kimberly Bray Knight Journal Articles Adelman, Jeremy and Stephen Aron. “Of Lively Exchanges and Larger Perspectives.” American Historical Review 104, no. 4 (October 1999) : 1235–1239. Adelman, Jeremy and Stephen Aron. “From Borderlands to Borders: Empires, Nation- States, and the Peoples in Between in North American History.” American Historical Review 104, no. 3 (June 1999) : 814–841. Alborn, Timothy L. “Age and Empire in the Indian Census, 1871–1931.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 30, no.1 (Summer 1999) : 61+. Apter, Andrew. “Africa, Empire, and Anthropology: A Philological Exploration of Anthropology's Heart of Darkness.” Annual Review of Anthropology 28 (1999) : 577–598. Beloff, Max. “Empire Reconsidered.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 27, no. 2 (May 1999) : 13–26. Bhatia, Nandi. “Staging the 1857 ‘Mutiny as The Great Rebellion’: Colonial History and Post-Colonial Interventions in Utpal Dutt's ‘Mahavidroh’.” Theatre Journal 51, no.2 (May 1999) : 167–184. Bradley, P.T. “English Views of the Indians of Peru.” Seventeenth Century 14, no. 2 (Fall 1999) : 143–160. Brody, H. “Tribal life: Statistics - European Colonialism has Caused the Death of 50 Million Tribal People.” Index on Censorship 28, no. 4 (July–August 1999) : 124–125. Butow, R.J.C. “A Notable Passage to China - Myth and Memory in FDR's Family History.” Prologue-Quarterly of the National Archives 31, no. 3 (Fall 1999) : 159+. Chanter, Alaine. “Will there be a morning after? The Clonial History of the Media in New Caledonia.” Journal of Pacific History 34, no. 1 (June 1999) : 91–108. Cowell, A. “The Apocalypse of Paradise and the Salvation of the West: Nightmare Visions of the Future in the Pacific Eden.” Cultural Studies 13, no. 3 (January 1999) : 138–160. Darwin, John. “An Undeclared Empire: The British in the Middle East, 1918–39.” Journal Imperial and Commonwealth History 27, no. 2 (May 1999) : 159–176. David, D. “Imperial Chintz: Domesticity and Empire.” Victorian Literature and Culture 27, no. 2 (1999) : 569–577. Douglas, B. “Provocative Readings in Intransigent Archives Finding Aneityumese Women.” Oceania 70, no. 2 (December 1999) : 111–129. Fabricant, Carole. “Speaking for the Irish nation: The Drapier, the Bishop, and the Problems of Colonial Representation.” ELH-English Literary History 66, no. 2 (Summer 1999) : 337–372. Falola, T. “British Imperialism: Roger Louis and the West African Case.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 27, no. 2 (May 1999) : 124–142. Fitzmaurice, Andrew. “The Civic Solution to the Crisis of English Colonization, 1609–1625.” Historical Journal 42, no. 1 (March 1999) : 25–51. Goldsmith, Edward. “Empires without Armies (Third World Countries.” The Ecologist 29, no. 3 (May–June 1999) : 154–157. Guy, D.J. “The Morality of Economic History and the Immorality of Imperialism.” American Historical Review 104, no. 4 (October1999) : 1247–1252. Ha, Marie-Paul. “Engendering French Colonial History: The Case of Indochina.” Historical Reflections-Reflexions Historiques 25, no. 1 (Spring 1999) : 95–125. Hilliard, Chris. “Stories of Becoming: The Centennial Surveys and the Colonization of New Zealand.” New Zealand Journal of History 33, no. 1 (April 1999) : 3–19. Kerr, D. “Orwell, Animals, and the East.” Essays in Criticism 49, no. 3 (July 1999) : 234–255. Khodarkovsky, Michael. “Of Christianity, Enlightenment, and Colonialism: Russia in the North Caucasus, 1550–1800.” Journal of Modern History 71, no. 2 (June 1999) : 394–430. Kiester, Edwin and SallyValente Kiester. “Yankee Go Home, and Take Me With You (Filipinos and the Lingering Legacies of United States’ Colonialism).” Smithsonian 30, no. 2 (May 1999) : 40+. Kramer, Paul. “Making Concessions: Race and Empire Revisited at the Philippine Exposition, St. Louis, 1901–1905.” Radical History Review 73 (Winter 1999) : 74–114. Kroes, R. “American Empire and Cultural Imperialism: A View from the Receiving End.” Diplomatic History 23, no. 3 (Summer 1999) : 463–477. Landsman, Ned C. “Nation, Migration, and the Province in the First British Empire: Scotland and the Americas, 1600–1800.” American Historical Review 104, no. 2 (April 1999) : 463–475. Lieven, Dominic. “Dilemmas of Empire 1850–1918. Power, Territory, Identity.” Journal of Contemporary History 34, no. 2 (April 1999) : 163–200. Levene, M. “A Moving Target, the Usual Suspects and (Maybe) a Smoking Gun: The Problem of Pinning...

Undoubtedly, capital markets have an impact on investment appraisal decisions through interest rates (cost of capital) charged and debt covenants stipulated in debt contracts. However, the extent of influence of their interactions in shaping and determining a firm’s corporate governance policy, agency costs, investment decisions and firm value has been overlooked or not duly emphasised in the literature to date. This lack of interdisciplinary research in areas such as finance, accounting, capital markets and corporate governance may lead financial managers making wrong interpretation of the current empirical evidence. This may result into suboptimal decisions in capital budgeting decisions. There are various existing studies that have discussed the relation between corporate governance and one or two other business topics this paper is assessing. However, questions have persisted about the role capital markets’ interactions play in determining firm’s corporate governance, minimizing agency costs, long term investment decisions and firm value. The recent high profile global company collapses mainly due to poor corporate governance mechanisms have rekindled the interest in the role capital market interactions play in formulating firm’s corporate governance rules and policies and their impact on agency costs, investment appraisal decisions and firm value. This study intends to assess this issue and critically evaluates these related issues. The impact of multiple objectives on long-term investment decisions is also discussed. We find that capital market interactions have a significant impact in the way firms formulate their corporate governance, identify and control agency costs, optimize multiple objectives, make investment decisions and determine firm value. In a nutshell, there is a consensus among researchers that capital markets impact on capital investment decisions and firm value through interest rates, debt covenants that impact on managers’ self-interest behaviour, corporate governance policies and agency costs.

Corporate governance and market valuation of capital and R&D investments

William Pember Reeves would be a minor figure in the literary history of New Zealand were it not for his meteoric political career. While a vigorous journalist and capable versifier in the Victorian manner, Reeves’ most lasting achievement is The Long White Cloud, an influential history of the young British colony that reflects his inside political knowledge. Yet, like most of his best literary work, The Long White Cloud was written in England, once his political career in New Zealand had ended. Though in exile, Reeves continued to propagate his view of New Zealand in a range of historical, poetic and political writings. In these, he did more than anyone before him to shape the world’s perceptions of New Zealand as a progressive and egalitarian society.

This introductory chapter synthesizes some crucial moments in the history of New Zealand in order to discuss the social and cultural context in which diasporic film and film-making have emerged and developed in this country. My intention has been to open new ways of thinking about the complexities of migration and diasporic movement within the bicultural framework of New Zealand society as it engages with and is challenged by diasporic formations. In this chapter, I engage with Māori culture in the contemporary social and demographic mix of Aotearoa to draw out connections and also to distinguish Māori representations on screen (including films by Māori) from diasporic representations in New Zealand film and film-making. The chapter also sets out the book’s parameters in its use of the concept of diaspora. With its history of settler colonization, indigenous peoples and a wide range of immigrants arriving not only from the neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean but also from as far as the Caspian Sea, the New Zealand context is complex. I believe this complexity demands a rather different approach to the conceptualization of diasporic film and film-making, one rooted in a diasporic consciousness, engendered by the sense and actual experience of displacement and identity (re)construction and negotiation over the course of time. This chapter also introduces the book’s structure: Part I Representation and Production and Part II Behind the Lens: A look Inside the New Zealand Screen Industry.

The corporate value was generally measured by the tangible assets or the book value of companies in the past. Nowadays numerous corporations have utilized intellectual capital as their competitive advantages to create corporate value. Thus traditional accounting is unable to appraise the accurate corporate value created by intellectual capital. Therefore, the topics related to the evaluations of intellectual capital have recently become the focus for academic research and practical application. Some previous research shows corporate governance can also influence corporate value. However, most relevant research has not yet considered the variables of corporate governance into the analysis of intellectual capital and corporate value while building the evaluation model. And this can lead to some bias of the research outcome. Consequently, it seems to be imperative to use intellectual capital as a measurement foundation by the perspective of corporate governance for increasing accuracy of the evaluation model of corporate value. This research attempts to construct a measurement model of corporate value forecast using the variables of intellectual capital and corporate governance as indicators based on the summarized literature review through the historical data of the Integrated Circuit (IC) industry in Taiwan. The study adopts regression models with two dependent variables including Tobin’s Q (Qt) and return on assets (ROA) as measures of corporate value. The results indicate that the regression model with ROA for corporate value is better than the one with Tobin's Q. And the regression model added corporate governance as an independent variable along with intellectual capital can have better forecast of corporate value. This study reveals the corporate value has significantly positive correlation with intellectual capital and corporate governance.

In this paper I look back at The Piano in two ways. Firstly, I am ‘looking back’, in that quotidian sense of looking behind, over our shoulders at the past, at a film made 16 years ago and set in t...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital on firm value mediated by corporate governance. The variables used in this study are intellectual capital as an independent variable, company value as the dependent variable, and corporate governance as a mediating variable. The population used is all mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with the study period in 2016-2018. The number of samples is 31 companies each year, selected by the purposive sampling method. This study uses documentary data, namely annual reports and financial reports. Path analysis is used to analyze data with the test equipment used, namely the classic assumption test, hypothesis test and sobel test. The method used in data collection is non-participant observation, by making observations, taking notes, and studying the annual reports and financial statements of companies that are published by the IDX. The results of this study indicate that corporate governance is unable to mediate the relationship between intellectual capital and firm value. Where intellectual capital has a significant negative effect on corporate governance, intellectual capital does not have a significant positive effect on firm value, and corporate governance has a significant positive effect on firm value.