Disección carotídea espontánea recurrente.

Abstract

Arterial dissection is the cause of 20% of the stroke occurring in adults under the age of 45. The existence of recurrence has been discussed in recent studies, and the overall frequency estimated as 4% to 8%, with a risk of 1% per year. The course of the condition is usually oligosymptomatic, so that a high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis to be made. We consider that different connective tissue disorders and anomalies of the vascular wall predispose to dissection. It would seen reasonable to think that these same anomalies may lead to recurrence. However, this cannot always be demonstrated. A family history of dissection is also an important factor in recurrence. We present two cases of recurrent spontaneous dissection of the carotid artery from a series of 22 patients with dissection, during the period 1990-1997. In the first case, the second dissection occurred 15 days after the first and in the second case, seven months later. In both cases the recurrence was in the contra-lateral carotid artery. In the second case the vascular tree was noted to have been formed of ecstatic, tortuous vessels. Our series shows results similar to others published. In one of these, an underlying arteriopathy which predisposed to the condition was shown. Both followed satisfactory courses. In case 2 a high index of clinical suspicion was necessary, since the recurrence presented as headache alone.