DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDIES: HOW LANGUAGE AFFECTS COGNITION

Toward a post‐neoliberal social citizenship?

Introduction. In the periods from 2014 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2022, Ukraine implemented various economic and social policies that resulted in diverse socio-economic consequences. This article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of specific aspects of social and economic policy during these periods. Analysis of scientific research. Research on specific theoretical and practical aspects of state economic and social policy implementation in Ukraine during the periods from 2014 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2022 has been conducted by prominent scientists including S. V. Mocherny, Yu. S. Shemchushenko, O. P. Orlyuk, and others. The examination of the socio-economic consequences resulting from the implementation of economic and social policies in Ukraine during the periods from 2014 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2022 remains insufficiently explored, necessitating comprehensive scientific research in this field. The purpose of this scientific article is to investigate specific aspects of economic and social policy implemented in Ukraine during the periods from 2014 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2022. The main tasks of the article are to provide a theoretical and mathematical description of specific aspects of economic and social policy during the periods from 2014 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2022, as well as to analyze their consequences in Ukraine. Research methodology and methods. During the writing of the article, several special research methods were employed. These methods include direct observation, which involved gathering information on various indicators such as the number of points in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) in Ukraine from 2013 to 2022, changes in real gross domestic product (GDP) from 2016 to 2020, the amount of state and state-guaranteed debt from January 2016 to January 2022, and Ukraine's position in the democracy rating from 2014 to 2022. Information processing methods were used to develop tables for calculating the growth and changes in the number of points in the CPI in Ukraine from 2013 to 2022, as well as the amount of state and state-guaranteed debt from January 2016 to January 2022. Graphical analysis was conducted to examine the dynamics of the CPI in Ukraine from 2013 to 2022, changes in GDP from 2016 to 2021, the size of the state and state-guaranteed debt from January 2016 to January 2022, and Ukraine's position in the democracy rating from 2014 to 2021. The time range for analyzing changes in GDP and the national debt was chosen by the author to minimize the impact of the acute phases of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian war during 2014-2015 and after February 24, 2022. Similarly, the time range for the CPI from 2013 to 2022 was selected to demonstrate that the conventional war does not have a decisive influence on the fight against corruption. Additionally, the time range for Ukraine's position in the Democracy Rating from 2014 to 2021 was chosen to mitigate the impact of the large-scale conventional Russian-Ukrainian war that began on February 24, 2022. Research results. According to the data from the Corruption Perception Index, it was found that effective measures were taken by the Ukrainian authorities to combat corruption during the period of 2014-2018. However, from 2019 to 2023, the progress in the fight against corruption slowed down. The analysis also demonstrates that following the cessation of active hostilities that took place between 2014 and 2015, the economic policies implemented by the state authorities facilitated consistent economic growth for sixteen quarters, spanning from 2016 to 2019. However, after a change in power occurred in 2019, economic growth shifted from positive to negative starting from 2020. During the period of 2016-2019, the government's economic policies not only focused on fostering economic growth but also aimed at reducing the external debt burden on the economy. Conversely, following the change in power in 2019, the new leadership pursued an active policy of foreign borrowing, resulting in an increase in the debt burden on the Ukrainian economy. Scientific novelty of the research results. A comparative mathematical analysis was conducted to examine specific aspects of state economic and social policies in Ukraine during the periods from 2014 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2022. Practical significance of the obtained research results. The author believes that conducting a qualitative comparative mathematical analysis of specific aspects of state economic and social policy in Ukraine during the periods from 2014 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2022 will facilitate the identification of more effective methods for implementing economic and social policies. This, in turn, will contribute to the establishment of an independent and efficient state. The article contains: formulas: 3, fig. 8, tab. 5, bibl. 24.

Economic, social and ecological cohesion should remain at the heart of the global economy strategy to ensure that all capacities are mobilized and focused on the pursuit the inclusive development vector under the sustainable conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate the evolution of development, formation and prospects of domestic economy development inclusive model implementation. The objectives of the study are: domestic inclusive economic growth model process generalization; existing approaches for inclusive growth measurement analysis; economic, social and ecological systemic changes in the domestic economic system justification. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific and special methods of economic phenomena and processes cognition. It has been determined that modern economic development is characterized by irregularity and represents extractive socio-economic system that limits equal access to opportunities, outputs and resources. The necessity of national inclusive development model implementation that would take into account the evolutionary ecological needs of the population and ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the domestic economy, uniform population welfare increase has been shown. The expediency of own model of inclusive development design that would absorb the features of existing in the world models, but considering the ecological component, that will fit the concept of sustainable development has been substantiated. The modern tendencies of theoretical foundations and approaches to models of inclusive growth development have been defined. The Gini index of the countries rating was analyzed, on the basis of which the level of inequality of welfare of the population of Ukraine has been determined. The dynamics of the Gini Index in Ukraine change during the study period has been determined. Imperative knowledge about the inclusive economic growth model theory evolution has been systematized. The comparative analysis of existing approaches to inclusive growth measurement has been carried out. The number of systemic shifts to ensure equality of access to work outcomes changes and their equal distribution, taking into account the requirements of the sustainable development concept have been proposed. The possibility of introducing a comprehensive economic, social and environmental policy at the national and local levels has been considered. It has been determined that in the current context, the model of inclusive development is the most acceptable for Ukraine and is the basis for ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of the domestic economy. The expediency of inclusive economic growth domestic model development and implementation has been substantiated. Further research should be aimed at design and scientific justification of inclusive economic development domestic model that would be capable to maintain high growth rates together with equal access to resources for all members of society provision

The paper revisits the discourse on development in Africa, following in the footsteps of leading development thinkers and focusing on social policy. Some of the thinkers and scholars have specifically and directly discussed development discourse in Africa. Others have made insightful points regarding inclusive development in Africa even though not directly engaging with development discourse. The paper also acknowledges earlier thinking regarding development in Africa, including perspectives that deal with underdevelopment. The paper concerns itself with the critical role that social policy can play in ensuring inclusive development in Africa. The interface between economic and social policy is emphasised. Although Africa faces many intractable challenges, most of which are externally imposed, robust social policies will go a long way in bringing about effective social and economic development. In the main, though, Africa needs a comprehensive socio-economic development approach that can ensure lasting inclusive development. Social policies are critical for any development endeavour in African countries. Another main point that the paper makes is that economic transformation is not enough to fully advance wellbeing in Africa (and probably the world at large). By restructuring economies in Africa, not much would be achieved though some gains would be made.

Ponte Academic JournalJan 2018, Volume 74, Issue 1 STATE SOCIAL POLICY IN CURRENT ECONOMIC CONDITIONSAuthor(s): Zyablitskaya Natalia Viktorovna ,Borshchenyuk Vera Nikolaevna, Popova Alyona YurievnaJ. Ponte - Jan 2018 - Volume 74 - Issue 1 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2018.1.17 Abstract:The article outlines the role of the state social policy in the context of the profound transformation of society, emphasizes the importance of developing a new model of social policy to ensure the social well-being of the population. The article presents an overview of features of the implementation of social policy in Russia and foreign countries. The role of state regulation of the social sphere for the market economy is indicated. The statistical data of the basic socio-economic indicators in Russia are provided, the analysis of links between the social phenomenon – poverty, income inequality and economic growth is presented. Political and economic stability will be ensured subject to a developed social policy. The article stipulates that effective socio-economic regulation and successful activities of the state in the social sphere are conditions for economic growth. The formation of a new social policy in Russia is the most urgent; therefore, the search for new effective socio-economic mechanisms will allow for the equal consideration of the interests of all parties to social partnership – the state, business and the population. The article examines the main problems in the social sphere, indicates the need to introduce new effective measures to use the mechanisms aimed at improving the social well-being of the population, growth in prosperity, the quality of life and the development of the national human potential. The main task of the state is the implementation of an effective set of social and economic policies, based on social justice and equal start, the advancement of society towards the formation of a new market economy for the benefit of all sectors of society that can serve as the motivational basis for economic growth. The functioning of the social state is possible on the basis of the developed economy that is oriented towards all sectors of society; possible ways of developing the social policy are identified. The article proposes measures aimed at increasing public welfare, improving the quality of life of the population, providing citizens with basic social guarantees. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

To carry out a preliminary systematic review of literature to address the question - among rich nations (or states within nations) what is the evidence that income inequality and differences in macro-level social policy affect rates of infant mortality and low birthweight (LBW)? A systematic literature review. Medline database (1968-August 2003) was searched for empirical studies of the relationship between macro-level economic and social policies in rich nations and rates of infant mortality (IMR) and LBW. Cross-national comparison of infant mortality and LBW that did not compare the effects of macro-level economic and social policies was excluded from the review as were studies including less developed countries. Keywords representing IMR and LBW were entered into Medline along with exposures related to international comparison and macro-level policy. Abstracts obtained from the initial search were reviewed for relevant studies. Full papers of potentially relevant studies were obtained and reviewed for inclusion. Secondary search of papers cited in included papers was undertaken. For this review, papers were not excluded on the basis of quality although methodological limitations were commented on and taken into account in interpreting the results. Summary statistics were not estimated. Twelve studies, fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were identified. Ten studies examined the association of IMR with income inequality, eight of which reported a statistically significant positive association with higher levels of inequality after adjustment for a range of variables. Six studies reported significant positive associations of IMR with other indicators of less re-distributive social and economic policy. Associations with LBW were reported in four studies; three showed significant positive associations with higher levels of income inequality and one showed no association with low levels of parental leave entitlement. Methodological differences, particularly the wide range of variables used to adjust for confounding, make interpretation of the findings difficult. The results of this review represent a preliminary attempt to summarize the literature linking macro-level economic and social policies in rich nations with IMR and LBW. The findings, taking account of the methodological limitations of the review and of the included studies, suggest a statistically significant association between IMR and higher income inequality and other indicators of less re-distributive social policy. Only three studies examined the association of income inequality with LBW and, although they suggest a significant association, further studies will be needed to confirm this finding.

Rescuing social policy in Africa is what this book sets out to do. The book is positioned against two trends seen to have subjugated social development on the continent: The neoliberal agenda that swept across Africa from the 1970s onwards with social policy only playing a residual role. And the current trend of focusing on social cash transfers despite this merely being one aspect of social policy. To emancipate social policy, Prof. Adesina and his colleagues suggest studying social development in Africa through the lens of ‘transformative social policy’ (TSP). The concept of TSP was developed by the late, eminent scholar Prof. Mkandawire. In the first three chapters, his previous colleagues at Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa and United Nations Research Institute for Social Development discuss the concept of TSP and its potential. Adesina highlights how TSP aims at the advancement of human well-being through the integration of social and economic policies and by focusing on social policies’ multiple tasks; the ‘objectives of social policy measures are transformative of the economy, social relations, social institutions and deepening democracy’ (p. 3). Aina discusses how TSP can be related to promoting inclusive development and suggests looking at the founders of modern African nations who regarded social policy as essential in their aspirations for development. Hujo too provides ideas on how to rethink social policy in the African context. All three authors tend to position TSP against neoliberalism and the dominant cash transfer paradigm, rather than pinning down the exact nature of TSP. Mostly, TSP is about what it should achieve: a better world and human flourishing; social policy is transformative when tackling structural inequalities and inequities. Nevertheless, the broad conceptualization of social policy allows for an open and potentially more holistic and integrated view of social policies’ potential for development. This is well illustrated by the remaining chapters in the volume.

According to the European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter (1983), "Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society.It is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy".It is against this background that this study reviews past spatial planning policy and how it gave "geographical expression" to economic, social and cultural policies in South Africa This paper aims to provide a critical and objective perspective on national spatial planning since the inception of the concept in South Africa in the 1970s till the most recent directive in 2012.The paper will discuss the understanding of national planning in South Africa in terms of the economic approach and spatial implementation of each plan.It is argued in this paper that over the past three decades the national space has been left open for interpretation in terms of economic growth and development, which has led to a lack of execution of the well-intentioned spatial guiding documents from the various levels of government.It could be interpreted that spatial planning in South Africa has come full circle since the 1970`s, being once again politically driven, this time by social policy, and not economic policy.The paper proposes that national spatial planning should, once again, start to focus on giving clear guidance on how, where and when the magnitude of social and economic goals should be reached.

Previous articleNext article No AccessDebate with AuthorsEquality and Social Policy: Some CommentsHasseltine Byrd TaylorHasseltine Byrd Taylor Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Social Service Review Volume 52, Number 2Jun., 1978 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/643625 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1978 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Rates of preterm birth and infant mortality are alarmingly high in the United States. Legislated efforts may directly or indirectly reduce adverse perinatal and infant outcomes through the enactment of certain economic and social policies. We conducted a narrative review to summarize the associations between perinatal and infant outcomes and four state-level US policies. We then used a latent profile analysis to create a social and economic policy profile for each state based on the observed policy indicators. Of 27 articles identified, nine focused on tax credits, eight on paid parental leave, four on minimum wages, and six on tobacco taxes. In all but three studies, these policies were associated with improved perinatal or infant outcomes. Thirty-three states had tax credit laws, most commonly the earned income tax credit (n = 28, 56%). Eighteen states had parental leave laws. Two states had minimum wage laws lower than the federal minimum; 14 were equal to the federal minimum; 29 were above the federal minimum; and 5 did not have a state law. The average state tobacco tax was $1.76 (standard deviation = $1.08). The latent profile analysis revealed three policy profiles, with the most expansive policies in Western and Northeastern US states, and the least expansive policies in the US South. State-level social and economic policies have the potential to reduce adverse perinatal and infant health outcomes in the United States. Those states with the least expansive policies should therefore consider enacting these evidence-based policies, as they have shown a demonstratable benefit in other states.

Foreword Josh Grundleger Generations have always had powerful effects on large facets of human interaction. Different generations have unique perspectives, values, customs and ideologies. This variation has often had significant social and political implications, sometimes leading to tensions and conflict. It has also allowed generations to learn from and help each other in numerous ways; passing down acquired knowledge or supporting children or parents. However, the effects of generations reach beyond inter-generational interaction. Divergent generational perspectives have led to notably different policies as the young grow up and assume the mantle of power from their parents. This has had ramifications for both domestic policy and international relations. It has, at times, meant the difference between a state of war or peace, or yielded radically different conceptualizations of a society and government. Because of these effects, studying the constitution of and interaction between generations is essential for today’s policymakers. This is particularly salient given the drastic demographic changes occurring across the globe. Developed states are experiencing a “graying” of their populations, as individuals live longer while simultaneously having fewer children. This has changed the relative balance between old and young in society, raising questions about the efficacy of current social and economic policies, including treatment of pensions, taxation and labor. Concurrently, many developing countries are experiencing increases in the size of their youngest generations. “Youth bulges” are having increasingly larger impacts on international and domestic politics, particularly in the Middle East and Africa. As the Arab Spring has demonstrated, large youth populations can instigate massive social and political change. Transformations in generational composition make it imperative that societies, governments and international institutions explore the significance of the new landscape. Both domestic and foreign policies need to be adjusted to reflect the realities of changing societies. Failure to keep abreast of shifting demographics could have disastrous implications for governments. This issue of the SAIS Review aims to offer a forum on these issues through a variety of lenses. Even with a clear need to discuss these problems, the idea of a generation is, at best, an amorphous concept. For some, a generation is conceptualized as a social unit based on age differentials: the youth, working middle-aged and the old define three distinct generations. From such a demographic perspective, the study of generations is one of allocating resources and responsibilities between competing groups. Since different generations possess unique resources and make divergent demands on the state, generational policy becomes an issue of reconciling these sometimes competing claims. [End Page 1] This perspective signifies a need to reevaluate social and economic policy when established policies no longer coincide with new generational realities. For instance, as populations in the West age, the state has been forced to reconsider its policies towards the old. Michael W. Hodin and Mark Hoffman tackle this growing problem by looking at successes that the private sector has had in reformulating their policies towards their oldest workers and customers. By demonstrating that these companies have increased their competiveness through successful reorientation, the authors argue governments can learn valuable lessons that can be applied to a wide range of policy issues. E. Hazel Denton begins her analysis from a similar starting point, tracing the history and development of the “demographic transition”— changes in the generational structure within a country. Close attention must be paid to these changing age structures in order to develop optimal economic and social policies, which will understandably differ in states that possess divergent structures. However, the study of generations is not limited to the exploration of age structures’ implications on policy. A second lens defines generations not as a phenomenon of discrete social units that compete over resources and responsibilities, but rather as a developmental path. In this regard, the older generation is responsible for planning for and developing their children’s generation. Government policies have considerable implications for subsequent generations; therefore, careful consideration of goals and methods is essential. John Bongaarts and Steven Sinding rely upon this perspective by evaluating the generational implications of family planning. The authors argue that investment in family planning policy is necessary from both an economic and human rights perspective due to the profound positive effects it will have...

This article examines the means by which Malaysian governments have been relatively successful in pursuing both economic development and social equity. These advances have been remarkable, given Malaysia’s history of colonial servitude and racial and ethnic tensions. The authors’ examination of government economic and social policies notes the importance of strong political leadership that is committed to creating a national identity through consensus building. In pursuing these social objectives, successive governments have also played an active and transparent role in fostering economic growth and development. However, a number of problems remain as Malaysia continues to follow these social and economic policies.

Social justice and fairness are the hallmarks of Scottish Society. Donald Dewar, first minister at the first session of Scottish Parliament, May 1999 An independent Scotland could be a beacon of progressive opinion addressing policy challenges in ways which reflect the universal values of fairness. In addition to an investment in social housing that is at odds with rest of the UK, Scottish citizens also benefit from homelessness social policies which are arguably more progressive than the rest of the UK. Scotland's historically different education system and policy is arguably an important part of its national identity and a distinctive part of why Scotland maintains rhetoric of fairness and difference in social policy. Scotland lacks control over macro-economic and social security policy, which means it does not have access to social policy levers to effect significant change in its labour market. Scotland famously suffers from persistent health inequalities, both in mortality and morbidity, compared to the rest of the UK.

So what's social policy got to do with economic growth? Quite a lot, it would appear, if one takes the results of cross -country growth regressions at face value, as they are by many social policy analysts, even as they criticize the findings of the economic policy part of the very same regressions. I have argued that these regressions are deeply problematic, and are antithetical to social policy analysts' normal instincts on the importance of country and community specificity. At the same time, attempts to distinguish social policy from economic policy in terms of policy objectives is not very successful, while classifying policy instruments into economic or social also leaves a significant grey area. But the economic and social policy analysis literatures can indeed be distinguished in their approaches to understanding the mechanisms of policy transmission. Despite the difficulties of defining social analysis, except in contradistinction to economic analysis, both types of analysis are needed to advance understanding of policy impact and design of policy. The Bank should (i) play a lead role in developing and assessing such multidisciplinary approaches, (ii) move to a much more outcomes based system of aid allocation in recognition of the country-specific complexities of linkage between (economic or social) policy and outcomes, and (iii) understand itself better as an institution, and its institutional footprint in countries where it is big player.

Nordic Models of Citizenship: Lessons from Social History for Theorising Policy Change in the ‘Age of Globalisation’