Disaster-induced migration: Assessing the impact of extreme weather events on livelihoods

Abstract

Environmental change is expected to increase the likelihood and impacts of extreme weather events. Recent meteorological events around the world have highlighted the potential adverse impacts of disasters on livelihoods and populations. While the scientific argument of climate-related disasters is increasingly confident, the impacts on human population patterns are unclear and unpredictable. With several socioeconomic, political and environmental factors interacting with migration, establishing a linear cause has been difficult. The increased likelihood of climate-related disasters is likely to increase the vulnerability of exposed populations. The article reviews recent discussions on the relationships between extreme weather events and migration (both voluntary and forced) and suggests that, if adequately planned, relocation strategies can be an effective adaptation strategy. The article argues that some forms of migration might be adaptive, while others (especially forced and involuntary migration) may indicate failure to adapt. In this context, the article also examines the policy discourse surrounding the links between disasters and migration, highlighting the crucial role of governance structures in facilitating the creation of international and national institutions to help cope with disaster risk. To conclude, the paper highlights the challenges and opportunities for enhancing the resilience of environmentally induced migrants within international policy frameworks.