Disability in the perception of students. Results of research on attitudes toward people with disabilities

Accreditation and professional organizations have recognized the importance of measuring medical students' perceptions of the learning environment, which influences well-being and professional competency development, to optimize professional development. This study was conducted to explore interactions between students' perceptions of the medical school learning environment, student demographic variables, and students' professional attributes of empathy, coping, tolerance of ambiguity, and patient-centeredness to provide ideas for improving the learning environment. Twenty-eight medical schools at 38 campuses recruited 4,664 entering medical students to participate in the two-cohort longitudinal study (2010-2014 or 2011-2015). The authors employed chi-square tests and analysis of variance to examine the relationship between Medical School Learning Environment Survey (MSLES) scores and student characteristics. The authors used mixed-effects models with random school and campus effects to test the overall variances accounted for in MSLES scores at the end of the first year of medical school. Student attributes and demographic characteristics differed significantly across schools but accounted for only 2.2% of the total variance in MSLES scores. Medical school campus explained 15.6% of the variance in MSLES scores. At year's end, students' perceptions toward the learning environment, as reported on the MSLES, differed significantly according to the medical school campus where they trained. Further studies are needed to identify specific factors, such as grading policies, administrative support, and existence of learning communities, which may influence perceptions of the learning environment at various schools. Identifying such variables would assist schools in developing a positive learning environment.

Previous studies have shown that ambivalent gender attitudes are associated with attitudes toward homosexuals. However, most of these studies have primarily considered ambivalent attitudes toward women and attitudes toward gay men, and have been carried out in countries with progressive laws regarding homosexuality. In this study, we examined the connection between ambivalent attitudes toward men and women and attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women in countries with conservative sexual legislation. In the first study, participants were residents of Russia (N = 163) and Kazakhstan (N = 194), while the second study used residents of Russia (N = 496) and Belarus (N = 123). Results indicated that benevolent attitudes predicted attitudes toward gays and lesbians better than the hostile ones. At the same time, attitudes toward men and women similarly predicted attitudes toward gays and lesbians. These patterns were manifested among different components of attitudes toward homosexuals. The results are discussed within the social context of the countries.

A characteristic feature of daily life is encountering people in groups. Surprisingly, however, at least during the initial stages of processing, research has focused almost exclusively on the construal of single individuals. As such, it remains unclear whether person and people (i.e., group) perception yield comparable or divergent outcomes. Addressing this issue, here we explored a core social-cognitive topic—stereotype activation—by presenting both single and multiple facial primes in a sequential-priming task. In addition, the processes underlying task performance were probed using a drift diffusion model analysis. Based on prior work, it was hypothesised that multiple (vs. single) primes would increase stereotype-based responding. Across two experiments, a consistent pattern of results emerged. First, stereotype priming was insensitive to the number of primes that were presented and occurred only at a short prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony (i.e., 250 ms). Second, priming was underpinned by a bias towards congruent (vs. incongruent) prime-target responses. Collectively these findings advance understanding of the emergence and origin of stereotype priming during person and people perception.

Although a substantial body of research has analyzed the effectiveness of cigarette package warning labels in tobacco control, the very general health warnings messages (HWMs) on cigarette packaging in China have shown limited effectiveness in deterring youth from smoking. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of specific and more detailed warning text messages on Chinese young people's risk perception of smoking and their intention to quit. We employed a randomized survey experiment to examine the impact of specific text-based warning labels on Chinese young people's risk perception of smoking and intention to quit. The total effective sample size was 1064 participants. The subjects were divided into three groups: the first group served as the control group, which was shown the existing cigarette package warning labels; the second group was shown cigarette package warning labels related to cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory diseases; and the third group was shown cigarette package warning labels related to sexual dysfunction. The respiratory disease-related warnings significantly increased young people's awareness of smoking-related respiratory risks (p<0.01). The impact of warning labels for the three common diseases on enhancing young people's overall risk perception of smoking (p<0.05) and their intention to quit exhibited only weak statistical significance (p<0.05). In contrast, warning labels related to sexual dysfunction significantly increased young people's risk perception of smoking (p<0.001) and their intention to quit (p<0.001), with a much higher level of statistical significance compared to those related to the other three common diseases. Detailed descriptions of the risks associated with all four diseases were positively correlated with awareness of smoking-related harm and the intention to quit. However, warnings related to sexual dysfunction had a greater level of statistical significance compared to those related to the other three common diseases. This stronger significance may be attributed to young people's heightened concern about sexual dysfunction.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities play an essential role in the positive image of tourism enterprises in the target market, as in industrial enterprises. Considering this situation, tourism enterprises’ inclusion of social responsibility activities constitutes a significant gain regarding the enterprises themselves, society, and the environment. Employees, as well as managers, play an essential role in gaining an understanding of social responsibility. For this reason, it is thought that it is necessary to reveal the CSR perceptions of undergraduate tourism students, who are future managers. This direction aimed to determine the CSR perceptions of the students studying at Karabük University Safranbolu Tourism Faculty at the undergraduate level. A quantitative data collection method was preferred in the study, and the data were collected by questionnaire technique. According to the data analyzed with the statistical package program, it was determined that the student’s perception of CSR was high. Student perceptions were collected under four different dimensions, and it was concluded that the highest social responsibility perception was activities of respect for employees.

Nicewander, W. A., & Wood, D. A. Comments on general canonical correlation Psychological Bulletin, 1974,81, 92-94. (a) Nicewander, W. A., & Wood, D. A. On the mathematical bases of the general correlation index: Rejoinder to Miller. Psychological Bulletin, 1974, 82, 210212. (b) Rezler, A. G. The influence of needs upon the student's perception of his instructor. The Journal of Educational Research, 1965, 58, 282-286. Stewart, D., & Love, W. A general canonical correlation index. Psychological Bulletin, 1968, 70, 160-163. Tagiuri, R. Person perception. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1969. Tatsuoka, M. M. Multivariate analysis. New York: John Wiley, 1971. Tetenbaum, T. Student needs, teacher orientations and student ratings of teachers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1974. Trent, J. W., & Cohen, A. M. Research on teaching in higher education. In R. M. W. Travers (Ed.), Second handbook of research on teaching. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1973. Warr, P. B., & Knapper, C. The perception of people and events. New York: John Wiley, 1968.

Local people's perceptions as decision support for protected area management in Wolong Biosphere Reserve, China

Background: Sexual harassment means unwanted sexually determined behavior such as physical contacts and advances, making sexual derogative comments, and sexual pressure whether by verbal or -nonverbal actions. Young female adults are most vulnerable to harassment and violence towards them. Despite of high literacy levels young female adults show tendency to tolerate harassment and delay in early identification of warning signs, leading to sexual harassment. Therefore, it becomes very important to understand how the students perceive different types of sexual harassment. Objective: To assess the perception of undergraduate girl students regarding Sexual Harassment Method: A descriptive, cross sectional survey design on 100 female undergraduate students from the King George’s Medical University of Lucknow, India was undertaken using convenient sampling technique. A self structured perception questionnaire developed by researchers was used. Result: The data gathered from the study suggests that majority (81%) of the participants responded that sexual harassment is related to all unwelcome sexual behaviour, 72% of the participants feel most afraid of sexual harassment during night, and 83% of the participants responded that the most probable place for sexual harassment is public transport. 91% of the participants believed that the incidences of the sexual harassment has increased in the last 10 years and majority (81%) of the participants didn’t had knowledge of any legal provisions regarding sexual harassment. Conclusion: The data shows that the definition of sexual harassment can differ according to individual’s perception. To understand how people perceive and define sexual harassment is crucial for explaining and understanding how they react to sexual harassment and why they often do not stand up against sexual harassment.

Background: Sexual harassment means unwanted sexually determined behavior such as physical contacts and advances, making sexual derogative comments, and sexual pressure whether by verbal or -nonverbal actions. Young female adults are most vulnerable to harassment and violence towards them. Despite of high literacy levels young female adults show tendency to tolerate harassment and delay in early identification of warning signs, leading to sexual harassment. Therefore, it becomes very important to understand how the students perceive different types of sexual harassment. Objective of the study was to assess the perception of undergraduate girl students regarding Sexual Harassment.Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional survey design on 100 female undergraduate students from the King George’s Medical University of Lucknow, India was undertaken using convenient sampling technique. The data were collected from 15th May to 15th June 2018. A self structured perception questionnaire developed by researchers was used.Results: The data gathered from the study suggests that majority (81%) of the participants responded that sexual harassment is related to all unwelcome sexual behaviour, 72% of the participants feel most afraid of sexual harassment during night, and 83% of the participants responded that the most probable place for sexual harassment is public transport. 91% of the participants believed that the incidences of the sexual harassment has increased in the last 10 years and majority (81%) of the participants didn’t had knowledge of any legal provisions regarding sexual harassment.Conclusions: The data shows that the definition of sexual harassment can differ according to individual’s perception. To understand how people perceive and define sexual harassment is crucial for explaining and understanding how they react to sexual harassment and why they often do not stand up against sexual harassment.

The aim of this study was to assess the perception of undergraduate dentistry students at Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, the Czech Republic regarding their endodontic education within the context of the Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines for Endodontology by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The secondary aim was to compare this perception among students in the Czech and English groups. A questionnaire survey was conducted among fifth year students at the very end of their studies. The students returned 60 filled questionnaires, making the response rate of 75.9%. More than two thirds of the respondents declared that they were competent at or had knowledge of most of the major competencies defined by the ESE. Eighty seven percent of respondents felt competent to perform a root canal treatment on anterior teeth; 86.7% on premolars; and 48.3% on molars. Nearly all respondents (98.3%) recommended more opportunities to practice on patients. The overall perception of the students was that their endodontic education was sufficient and largely conformed to the guidelines. Insufficient exposure to endodontic practice on patients was identified as a deficiency. There were no significant differences in perceptions between the two study groups.

[Title: Perception Of Teachers And Students On The Physical Learning Process Based On Curriculum 2013] This study aims to determine: (1) the perception of physics teachers to apply a scientific approach, (2) the perceptions of students on the physics learning process carried out by teachers, (3) the relationship between students' perceptions and the ability of teachers to carry out physics-based learning scientific approach. This research is a survey research using a descriptive correlational approach. The research sample included 18 physics teachers and 494 students spread across 10 Public High Schools in Yogyakarta City which were taken using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection uses questionnaires from teachers and students and observation sheets. The analysis technique uses descriptive analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Research Results (1) The teacher has a very positive perception of the implementation of a scientific approach in scientific learning; (2) Students give a positive response to the process of physics learning carried out by the teacher; (3) There is a positive and significant relationship between the perceptions of students and the ability of teachers to carry out physics learning based on the scientific approach.

ABSTRACTThis study investigated a question related to people's perceptions of dog personality. We examined whether people attribute personality characteristics to dogs based on physical features of the dog, specifically, coat color and ear shape. In order to address this question, we presented participants with photographs of dogs in which a single physical characteristic of the dog, either coat color (black vs. yellow) or ear shape (pointy ears vs. floppy ears) had been manipulated. Participants (n = 124) completed an online survey in which they rated the personality of the dogs (one black, one yellow, one with pointy ears, and one with floppy ears) while viewing these photographs. Participants rated dog personality using a brief inventory of the Big Five personality dimensions (the Ten-Item Personality Inventory). Participants rated the yellow dog significantly higher than the black dog on the personality dimensions of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability. The floppy-eared dog was rated significantly higher than the pointyeared dog on Agreeableness and Emotional Stability and significantly lower on Extraversion. These results indicate that people attribute different personality characteristics to dogs based solely on physical characteristics of the dog. These results have implications for how people judge personality variables in dogs, particularly during brief encounters where physical attributes of the animal are likely to be highly salient.

Background: Students admitted in medical college are expected to acquire quality education. But, while studying in medical college, teaching and learning are not merely important. Apart from this, the environment in which the student learns equally plays important role. Aim: To assess the learning environment of the medical students by administering the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire to the first, second and third year medical students of a medical college located in a tribal region and to identify areas that need consideration. Methods: The DREEM Questionnaire comprised of 50 items based on the Likert scale (0-200 range scores). The five domains included were Student's perceptions of learning (SPL), Student's perception of teachers (SPT), Student's academic self- perceptions (SASP), Student's perception of atmosphere (SPA) and Student's social self perceptions (SSSP). Data was analyzed by PRISM software. Results: The study included 81 first year, 71 second year and 43 third year MBBS students. The overall DREEM score was 122.56/200. SPL 30.40/48, SPT 24.70/44, SASP 21.29/32, SPA 28.90/48, SSSP 17.24/28. There was no significant difference between male and female students, but a significant difference was found between first year, second year, third in terms of SPL and SPT. Conclusion: The assessment of learning environment in the medical college by the students is average and there is further scope of improvement.

This exploratory study inquires into the role fashionable clothing plays in the normalization process and others' perceptions of people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. The research was conducted with a sample of 10 caregivers. Fashionable clothing and attention to grooming are perceived to aid the normalization process and help facilitate positive perceptions from others. Poor grooming and clothing that is ill-fitting, out of fashion, or dirty hinder the normalization process and likely influence negatively others' perceptions of persons with severe and profound intellectual disabilities.

The aim of this study is to determine the aim of secondary school students' technology perceptions through pictures and the documents they describe. 35 students attending a secondary school in Elazig participated in the research. In order to determine the perceptions of the students towards technology, data were gathered via pictures and the documents they describe and the obtained data were analyzed by content analysis techniques. As a result of the research, it has been observed that technological tools such as computers, mobile phones and televisions features prominently in the pictures drawn by 6th grade students. It is also determined that the pictures drawn by boys and girls are not different. Nevertheless, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between gender and perceptions of students' perceptions of the benefits of technology, but no significant relationship was found between perceptions of technology's perceptions of harm. In order to better understand the impact of the changing technological world, it is recommended that these technologies be further investigated to focus on catching up with children's perceptions and perspectives.