Abstract
Abstract The removal of direct yellow 106 (DY106, C.I.40300) by a combined process of Fenton oxidation and enzymatic degradation in a sequential or mixed batch reactor is discussed. Experiments were first conducted with the enzymatic and chemical oxidation processes separately in order to determine the effects of various parameters such as pH, ferrous ion, hydrogen peroxide, dye and enzyme concentrations on the overall yield and kinetics of both processes. Decolourization was followed by UV-visible spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that 89.5 % of DY106 were removed by enzymatic treatment after only 2 min, while 10 min of contact time were necessary to eliminate more than 98 % of 50 mg/L by Fenton’s process. A high performance was achieved under optimized conditions by the mixed combined process with time reduction down to 5 min. The study was also conducted to evaluate the efficiency of combined Fenton’s reaction as a pre-treatment and post treatment process combined with C-peroxidase at different ferrous ions concentrations. The optimal doses of Fe2+ were 2.5 mM, 1m M and 0.8 mM for Fenton, Fenton-enzymatic sequential and mixed processes. Intermediate products absorbing in UV range were detected for single Fenton or enzymatic treatment but were eliminated in all combined enzymatic-Fenton processes. Phytotoxicity tests showed that no toxicity was detected after treatment by combined process.
Highlights
Pollution of water by dyes is a serious problem in the different countries
The decolourization efficiency decreased for the same change of dye concentration
From the findings of this work it can be concluded that C-peroxidase and Fenton reagent have potential in the decolourization of DY106 under specified experimental conditions
Summary
Many industries use dyes to colour their products. The removal of dyes (colour) from wastewater is, a challenge to the related industries. Due to the variability of the organic dyes and the resultant waste solution, wastewater containing dyes is difficult to treat using classical methods. These methods have lot of disadvantages such as transfer of pollutants from one phase to another; some of them are nondestructive, costly methods and could generate secondary waste products such as sludge which may need further disposal (El-Desoky et al 2010; Lu and Liu 2010; Jonstrup et al 2011; Chhabra et al 2015).
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