Abstract
Melicope lunu-ankenda is commonly used in traditional medicine. The conventional propagation method for this species is inefficient due to low propagation rate and its lengthy period to maturity. In addition, insufficient planting materials often pose a problem for the plantation sector. The tissue culture technique is best alternative to overcome the problems. The callus induction and direct shoot regeneration protocols for M. lunu-ankenda were established. Callus was successfully initiated from leaves explants cultured in MS medium added with 2,4-D at concentrations 0.5 to 5.0 mg/L singly or in combination with NAA at concentrations 1.0 to 10 mg/L. Shoot was regenerated from callus in phytohormone-free medium, BAP at concentrations 0.5 - 5.0 mg/L singly or in combination of BAP with NAA or 2,4-D at concentration 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. BAP at 1.0 mg/L induced the highest shoot regeneration rate (80%) and number of plantlet per calli. The established methods might be used for production of phytochemicals and plantlets in large scale.
Highlights
Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.), a tree species belonging to the family Rutaceae
It endemic plant to Malaysia and locally known as “Tenggek burung”, a popular ulam consumed raw by Malays. Leaves of this plant are traditionally used to revitalize the body as well as to prevent hypertension. It is used in Indian traditional medicine to relieve fevers, and as a tonic and for improving complexion
The best response of callus induction (75%) was observed in 1.0 mg/L of 2,4-D + 10 mg/L of NAA with dark-green colour of calli with the highest percentage (30%) in 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. This was followed with 1.0 mg/L of 2,4-D + 5.0 mg/L of NAA and 3.0 mg/L of 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L of NAA, which 65 and 55%, respectively. These results are in conformity with some of the earlier studies on different Rutaceae, which showed good callus induction response under the influence 2,4-D in combination with other phytohormone [10] [11]
Summary
Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.), a tree species belonging to the family Rutaceae. It endemic plant to Malaysia and locally known as “Tenggek burung”, a popular ulam (salad) consumed raw by Malays. Leaves of this plant are traditionally used to revitalize the body as well as to prevent hypertension. Phytochemical screening shows that the Melicope plant containing alkaloid; melicarpine, semecarpine, 8-methoxyplatydesmine [3], dictamnine, confusameline and chromenes [1]. Production of such compounds requires a huge amount of plant materials, at the same time, the resource must be sustained. There is a need to develop methodologies for mass multiplication of this plant
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