Abstract
BackgroundBoth gravitational loading and the forces generated by muscle contraction have direct effects on serum markers of bone metabolism. The object of this study was to examine the direct effects of a single session of resistance exercise or walking on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in participants with low bone mass.MethodsA total of 150 otherwise healthy female subjects (mean age = 59.1 ± 7.1 years) diagnosed with osteoporosis or osteopenia were randomly allocated to either a resistance exercise group (RG; n = 50), walking group (WG; n = 50), or control group (CG; n = 50). Changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and serum sclerostin concentrations were measured before and immediately after a single exercise intervention.ResultsThere was no significant change in BALP values in any of the groups. Sclerostin levels increased in the RG and WG, and there was significant difference between the WG and CG after the exercise intervention (P < 0.01). In contrast, the changes in CTX concentrations from baseline were significant in the RG (P < 0.01) but not in the WG (P = 0.11), and there was a significant difference between resistance exercise and walking (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn participants with low bone mass, resistance exercise influenced the serum concentrations of CTX, a marker of bone resorption, but walking did not.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN16329455; retrospectively registered on 05/05/2016.
Highlights
Both gravitational loading and the forces generated by muscle contraction have direct effects on serum markers of bone metabolism
Biochemical markers of bone metabolism that reflect the cellular activity related to the formation and resorption of bone are useful in monitoring physical activity, and can help us understand the effects of exercise on bone [1]
The purpose of this study was to describe the acute response of plasma markers of bone formation (BALP) and resorption (CTX and sclerostin) to a single session of either walking or resistance exercise
Summary
Both gravitational loading and the forces generated by muscle contraction have direct effects on serum markers of bone metabolism. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism that reflect the cellular activity related to the formation and resorption of bone are useful in monitoring physical activity, and can help us understand the effects of exercise on bone [1]. Physical loads associated with exercise impact bone mass and structure by causing dynamic changes to local mechanical conditions, which stimulate resident osteocytes through fluid shifts in their canalicular network. These osteocytes produce signaling molecules that regulate bone formation and absorption by osteoblast and osteoclasts [4]. Strain below 100 με Gombos et al BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2016) 17:254 is associated with bone loss (disuse atrophy), and fractures may occur with pathological overload [5]
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