Abstract
Yttrium (Y) is an engineering material used in refinement, and the physical properties of Y 2 O 3 nanomaterials play key roles in thermal-effect of refinement. In this study, the experimental thermal-efficiencies induced by dimension of Y 2 O 3 nanomaterials and their influence on microstructures and tensile performances of graded stainless steel coatings were investigated. To this end, 16Cr2NiSiMo stainless steel coatings were fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD) technology in the presence of small amounts (<1 wt%) of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles (diameter 30–50 nm) and Y 2 O 3 nanosheets (thickness 20–30 nm) without additional heat-treatment. Compared to Y 2 O 3 nanosheets-modified coatings, more decline in the interlayer heat-affected zone, dendritic solidification microstructure, pore, microcrack , and taenite phase were all observed for coatings prepared in the presence of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The reason for this difference had to do with the dimension of Y 2 O 3 nanomaterial , which directly influenced the dissociation of Y 3+ ions in dendrites by decreasing the melting point of the material and transition temperature of the metastable eutectic . As a result, Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles promoted the hardness and tensile properties of the coatings, while Y 2 O 3 nanosheets increased microcracks and pores but declined the tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the sample prepared by adding 0.75 wt% Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles enhanced by 17% and 47.9%, respectively. • Nano-Y 2 O 3 declines ILHIZ of coating without additional heat treatment. • Nanoparticles are more effective than nanosheets of Y 2 O 3 in refinement effect. • Nanoparticles decline dendrite with gradient orientation above ILHIZ. • Nanosheets refine graded dendrites into cellular dendrites with metastable eutectic. • Y 2 O 3 nanosheets increase microcracks and decline tensile properties of coatings.
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