Digitalization and Business Ethics for a Cyber Peace

Topicality. In the last decade, cyberspace has become the fifth separate, specific and important area of armed struggle, along with four traditional ones - "Earth", "Sea", "Air" and "Space". The use of cyber troops and cyber weapons, cyber defense, cyber operations and cyber-attacks is now considered commonplace. Since 2014, Ukraine has been forced to repel hybrid Russian armed aggression, including in cyberspace. But the recognition of cyber defense as a new important component of its defense took place only in March 2016 in the Cyber Security Strategy of Ukraine [1] (hereinafter - the Strategy). At the same time, it states, in particular, that "The basis of the national cybersecurity system will be the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine." The Strategy also for the first time for the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine (Ministry of Defense) and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (General Staff of the Armed Forces) identified additional new main tasks, namely: measures to prepare the state to repel military aggression in cyberspace; military cooperation with NATO related to cyber security and joint protection against cyber threats; Ensuring in cooperation with the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine cyber protection of its own information infrastructure. Cyber defense - a set of political, economic, social, military, scientific, scientific and technical, informational, legal, organizational and other measures carried out in cyberspace and aimed at protecting the sovereignty and defense capabilities of the state, preventing armed conflict and repelling armed aggression. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine the scientific basis for strengthening the state's cyber defense and creating cyber troops. The organization of effective cyber defense of the state requires the solution of a number of important tasks and, first of all, the elimination of gaps in the regulatory framework. It is unfortunate to recognize that so far, the legislation of Ukraine does not define the basics of cyber defense, especially the purpose, goals, principles and objectives of cyber defense, its subjects and objects, construction, preparation and conduct of such defense, as well as the relevant powers of public authorities. functions and tasks of military administration bodies, other state bodies, responsibilities of officials, rights and responsibilities of citizens of Ukraine, etc. And this, in our opinion, makes it impossible to adequately define the tasks of cyber troops, which should play a leading role in the implementation of cyber defense tasks and should be created to implement the aforementioned decision of the President of Ukraine. Research results. Modern challenges and integrated threats to peace and stability have given rise to new approaches to practice cooperation in the field of cyber defense. The community has arrived agreement that only by joint efforts and on the basis of international law can security be resolved problems of the global information environment in the context of countering the latest information threats. Therefore, the need for policy research is obvious cyber defense of organizations introduced recently, practical consideration of new documents and decisions on their institutional support and implementation in the activities of member states. Conclusion. The transformation of the information paradigm of global development, which is a reflection of new patterns of formation of the modern system of international relations, testifies to the innovations of international cooperation in the field of information and communication and accordingly needs to improve policies for international peace and stability. Modernization of international information security policies is determined by their ability to ensure a multilateral dialogue of international actors, take into account the different positions of global actors in combating the latest information threats and act in accordance with their statutory powers as universal international platforms for consensus on current security issues.

Ethics in a multinational company environment is related to business problems, but the position of corporate partnership determines sustainable companies. The study aims to integrate the concept of social investment (SI) with state defense in multinational mining companies' environment. Social Investment (SI) business ethics as part of Corporate Citizenship (CC) has a different concept base. CSR for companies is an honest effort for companies towards the surrounding community. Whereas the State Defense is a political concept of the State that regulates citizens' rights and obligations in defending the country. The ethnographic method can combine the CSR and State Defense models in the multinational company oil mine environment. Chevron Pacific Indonesia Inc.'s CSR in international companies is called Social Investment (SI) has a dilemma; because CSR is seen as a long-term corporate interest, on the other hand, the regional Government distributes a small portion of profits to the surrounding community. After analyzing PT Chevron Pacific Indonesia's CSR and the Regional Government's strategy in realizing public welfare in the context of state defense, researchers can formulate the Corporate Citizenship (CC) as the State Defense CSR model.

Technological and scientific progress, especially the rapid development in information technology (IT), plays a crucial role regarding questions of peace and security. This textbook addresses the significance, potentials and challenges of IT for peace and security. For this purpose, the book offers an introduction to peace, conflict, and security research, thereby focusing on natural science, technical and computer science perspectives. In the following, it sheds light on fundamentals (e.g. IT in peace, conflict and security, naturalscience/ technical peace research), cyber conflicts and war (e.g. information warfare, cyber espionage, cyber defence, Darknet), cyber peace (e.g. dual-use, technology assessment, confidence and security building measures), cyber arms control (e.g. arms control in the cyberspace, unmanned systems, verification), cyber attribution and infrastructures (e.g. attribution of cyber attacks, resilient infrastructures, secure critical information infrastructures), culture and interaction (e.g. safety and security, cultural violence, social media), before an outlook is given. This chapter provides an overview of all chapters in this book.

Chapter 1 - Comparing State Economic Ideologies and Business Ethics in East Asia

Problem setting. The European integration vector of Ukraine’s development amidst the overall globalization and social transformation determines the priority of environmental protection, rational and responsible use of natural resources, and the implementation of energy-, resource-saving and other innovative technologies into production. This is particularly important during Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine resulting in grave devastating consequences for our country’s economy and natural resource potential. These circumstances require Ukraine to increase the adaptive capabilities of the national economy and social development to climate change, to respond effectively to current food and resource consumption challenges, and, thus, to improve the management of natural resources used in the economic activity. According to the state program documents, the improvement and development of the state system of environmental protection and management is to be carried out, in particular, by providing scientific, information and innovative support for the management decision-making process, by establishing corresponding environmental information resources, systems, databases and their cyber defense, by using electronic information and media communications in the environmental field. Under the current conditions of social development, the environmental field is becoming one of the platforms for the implementation of innovative Industry 4.0 technologies – digitalization and automation of many technological and organizational processes, the usage of artificial intelligence, the Internet of things etc. accompanying the regulation of environmental and adjacent economic relations. These recent development tendencies require scientific substantiation and an adequate political, organizational, economic and legal response. Аnalysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the field of environmental management and protection are quite recent and still poorly researched within the national legal science. Nevertheless, some of them have already been explored in the scientific works among the economic fields, environmental, economic, land and agrarian law. In particular, the digitalization of regulation of these social relations has become the scientific focus of such scholars as N. Malysheva, O. Vinnyk, I. Maksymova, V. Kurylyak, K. Yefremova, M. Khaustova, K. Markevych, S. Romanko, V. Sydor, O. Lozo, O. Onishchenko and others. Thus, the scholars have studied the legal issues of digitalization in the environmental field in correlation with the corresponding economic processes, in the environmental and legal policy of Ukraine and other states regarding climate change, have analyzed the role of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies in addressing climate change, have determined ways of implementing the European digital policy etc. At the same time, the legal regulation of implementing digitalization in the field of environmental management and protection in the course of economic activity remains relevant. Purpose of research is to study the legal issues and features of legal support for the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, in particular, digitalization, automation, artificial intelligence etc. in the field of natural resource management and environmental protection; for this purpose, it also includes analyzing the main program and strategic documents and other legislative acts regulating these issues as well as drawing scientific, theoretical and practical conclusions and formulating potential ways of improving the corresponding legislation. Аrticle’s main body. The article deals with the scientific, theoretical and practical analysis of the implementation and application of Industry 4.0 technologies in the field of legal regulation of natural resource management and environmental protection. Author has analyzed the main legislative acts of general strategic, program and industry levels in this field. The article singles out the main directions of implementing digitalization and other Industry 4.0 technologies, in particular, formulating the environmental and climate state policy, carrying out the economic activity using natural resources, their management and environmental protection. The article examines the features of legal regulation of implementing the digital technologies into various fields of natural resource management and environmental protection, in particular, subsoil and forest use, environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring and natural resources record. The goals and the role of digital transformation of the environmental management system, such as de-bureaucratization of the economic activity, simplification of the permit system and direct access to state registers, fight against corruption in the field of natural resources distribution and prevention of corresponding risks, achievement of transparency in providing natural resources for use in economic activity, simplification of recording procedures for arising or termination of the natural resource management right have been determined and analyzed. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The implementation of digitalization in the environmental management and protection is a highly dynamic and comprehensive process that is developing and covering more and more fields of economy, economic, law and public life. Nowadays, Ukraine is successfully implementing digitalization and other Industry 4.0 technologies considering its European integration commitment, prospects of strengthening economic and environmental partnership with the EU, and the need to find ways of post-war restoration and climate-neutral green transformation of the state economy. The implementation of digitalization as an innovative tool for the natural resource management optimization at the current stage is undoubtedly a step forward towards the adoption of European values and standards, including transparency and simplification of economic activity using natural resources, and fight against corruption in this field. However, there are still fields that require scientific and legislative attention from the perspective of sustainable development and have significant opportunities and reserves for the use of digital technologies and tools, such as environmental and ecological resources security, emergency response and civil protection, waste management, adaption to climate change and climate policy establishment, agriculture and other areas. Many benefits of digital technologies in various production sectors, economic activity, and regulation of environmental relations have been proved. These include, in particular, efficiency, time saving, modernization, convenience, transparency (access of the public, entities and management bodies to certain types of necessary information), acceleration and simplification of legal and organizational procedures (de-bureaucratization of permit and contractual systems). At the same time, the implementation of digital technologies into any field, including environmental, should be controlled, balanced, cost-effective, environmentally and energetically efficient, and safe for society.

Legal support of the use of Industry 4.0 technologies in the field of natural resource management and environmental protection

Introduction. In the context of economic, political, and market instability, an effective business organization is based on modern project management approaches that combine and take into account various aspects, including economic analysis, risk assessment, and business ethics. Innovative methods, approaches, mechanisms, and technologies improve and facilitate project development and management. The purpose of the paper is to identify modern approaches of project management based on economic analysis, risk assessment and business ethics for effective business organization in a dynamic environment. Results. In the paper modern approaches of management projects, that include an economic analysis, evaluation of risks and business-ethics and allow to promote efficiency of organization of business, are considered. It was found out that the program facilities of project management are concentrated in directions: a management, administration, resources and also system management projects, that combine budgeting, management, administration of processes, resources and terms. It was pointed on the fact that for companies that will realize several projects in a complex, a project portfolio design is recommended. It was found out that for implementation of analysis of co-ordination of project and objects of investing it is expedient to apply hieratical approach. It was found out that programmatic items for management risks can come forward as applications to the systems of the projects calendar planning, or by the particular programs. It was found out that for management modern projects social analysis and audit, and also observance of principles of digital business-ethics was necessary. Conclusion. The project approach is now an integral part of the business organization of modern companies, ensuring giving continuous development according to the market conditions. An effective project management system ensures the achievement of the strategic goals of the enterprises’ activities, their financial stability, and market position. However, in order to build a modern project management system, modern science-based approaches should be implemented, including economic analysis, risk assessment and management, as well as compliance with business ethics.

The resources of the planet have been insufficient to sustain the means of production and consumption of contemporary society. This finding has stimulated debate in several areas of knowledge in search of urgent solutions to confront a multifaceted global crisis. However, the predominant research model, based on the mechanistic view, has cluttered the construction and analysis of inter and transdisciplinary relationships capable of reaching a common practical solution. Meanwhile, the perspective of sustainable development had a modest interlocution with the most varied areas, including the conservation of cultural heritage, although these studies generally cover only its environmental aspect. With regard to cultural goods in general, the difficulties faced in their conservation are similar to those imposed on sustainable development, namely: modes of production and consumption, insufficiency of more effective public policies and social exclusion, especially when it comes to interpretation and preservation of cultural goods belonging to the rural environment. The rural area of the Triangulo Mineiro (TM) and Alto Paranaba (AP) region still preserves a wide range of heritage resources from the 19th and 20th centuries, yet faces preservation difficulties arising from the modification of rural livelihoods after the modernization of the region agricultural system in the 1970s, in which many heritage goods, especially architectural ones, are in a state of neglect and many others have disappeared and could not even be documented. This process of agricultural modernization led to a change in the landscape and rural way of life that hampered the process of safeguarding heritage and endangered socialization practices and various cultural expressions, both material and immaterial. This dissertation aims to reflect on the possible inflections between the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainability in all its spheres and the application of the results in the analysis of a case study: the Chapel of Saudade of Uberlndia (MG). In order to understand the cultural context in which this chapel is inserted, an exploratory inventory of the catholic rural chapels of the whole region encompassed by the Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaba, in the state of Minas Gerais, was elaborated, seeking to identify this universe and to analyze the challenges and preservation perspectives, prospecting sustainability. The results warn of the need for a paradigm break that can curb the search for unlimited economic growth and generate balance and social equality. Only in this way is it possible to talk about sustainability in the context of the conservation of cultural heritage.

At the present time, mobile robots and mobile robotic systems are increasingly being used not only for solving military tasks, but also for the socalled paramilitary ones. They include the tasks facing the police, state security, civil defense and emergency response. Of course, law enforcement agencies not only abroad and in our country have paid close attention to unmanned systems. In particular, the police are entrusted with a number of tasks to protect the life, health, rights and freedoms of people, to combat crime, protect public order, property and ensure public safety. According to the Federal Law “On Police”, the police are obliged to use the latest achievements of science and technology in their activities. The timeliness of the article is due to the fact that the scope of mobile robots and, in particular, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in solving the issues facing the police will be constantly expanding. The controlling of both single UAVs and their grouping is being improved; the weight and size characteristics of UAVs are decreasing. The author considers three variants for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles during the operational-search measure “Surveillance” which is one of the most widespread and effective for obtaining operationally significant information. An informal model of threats to the information security in the contour “board – ground point – data bank” is given when using unmanned aerial vehicles, taking into account the specifics of operational-search measures.

A mixed bag of seeds was emptied across the sociotechnical landscape during 1974.

Making use of capital to develop China’s socialist market economy requires China not only to fully recognize the tendency of capital civilization but also to realize its intrinsic limitations and to seek conditions and a path for overcoming contradictions in the mode of capitalist production. Karl Marx’s theory of capital provides us with a key to understanding and dealing properly with problems of capital. At the same time we should also pay heed to Western research on, experience with, and lessons from capitalist economies developed over the past four centuries summarized in the field of “business ethics”.

Government regulations in cyber security: Framework, standards and recommendations

Immediately after the earthquake, the region of Umbria and three cities (Spoleto, Narni, Foligno) agreed on setting up an «Operating Centre for the conservation and maintenance of the cultural and artistic heritage, archives and libraries», to promote activities involving the restoration and enhancement of cultural goods, and civil defence. Among these a choice of strong coordination between the State and the peripheral and territorial bodies and a systematic effort to promote maintenance and prevention, suitable to the diverse nature of our cultural heritage: a fundamental component of Italian civilization. Such choices were markedly different from the prevailing practices where the lack of such coordination and methods makes our cultural heritage more fragile and its preservation more difficult, both in day-to-day management as well as when facing recurring catastrophic events like earthquakes. This dialogue between a witness of the 1997 events and an Umbrian archaeologist retraces the development of the project, and from 2003 onwards, the progressive loss of its identity up until its present condition, which shows limited functionality compared to its 1997 objectives.

A "low-cost" personal computer (PC) system used to digitize dental radiographs was tested by assessing the accuracy of its subtraction images versus those of "high-cost" industrial equipment and conventional radiography. Subtraction images were made of artificial lesions in human femur bone and subsequently evaluated by students and teachers. The observations were analyzed in terms of true positive and false positive reports. "Low-cost" and "high-cost" subtraction images revealed only small differences in diagnostic accuracy. Compared to conventional radiography, the diagnostic accuracy of the subtraction images with the "low-cost" PC system was significantly higher for all observers. The interexaminer variance was similar for the subtraction and the conventional images for both students and teachers, except for a significantly reduced interexaminer variance for the teachers concerning the true positive reports with the "low-cost" PC subtraction technique.

Unprecedented runaway climate change and ecological degradation is argued to be caused by the dominant capitalist mode of production’s reliance on endless economic growth and capital accumulation. Businesses and organisations are expected to act in an ecologically and socially ethical way to help avert the crisis. Yet, there has arguably been little progress in this direction. The conventional ethical frameworks are generally subsumed under capitalism’s reliance on growth that effectively delegate business ethics to a peripheral and, often, contradictory pursuit, insufficient to influence ecologically and socially sustainable business conduct. We therefore explore an alternative approach by operationalising business ethics through organisational values from a post-growth perspective. By analysing the case of a social cooperative, we highlight how post-growth organisational values emerge through the organisation’s history, the members’ experience, and active contrasting to the dominant capitalist value systems. We contribute to business ethics scholarship by highlighting the potential of post-growth organisational ethics and values in creating contrasts to the dominant capitalist values. Our research further contributes to sustainability scholarship, particularly post-growth perspectives, by highlighting that organising through post-growth values in contrast to the dominant economic system is not only possible, but essential to achieve sustainability. Ultimately, our research illustrates the need for political engagement in upholding organisational ethics, in the face of the ecological crisis.