Abstract
Secondary raw materials (SRMs) tend to be a valuable replacement for finite virgin materials especially since construction works (i.e., building and civil engineering work such as road construction) require vast quantities of raw materials. Using SRM originating from recycling a broad range of inorganic waste materials (e.g., mining waste, different industrial wastes, construction, and demolition waste) has been recognized as a promising, generally more cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to the exploitation of natural resources. Despite the benefits of using SRM, several challenges need to be addressed before using SRM even more. One of them is the long-term durability and little-known response of construction works built using such alternative materials. In this paper, we present the activities to establish a fully functioning digital twin (DT) of a road constructed using SRM. The first part of the paper is devoted to the theoretical justification of efforts and ways of establishing the monitoring systems, followed by a DT case study where an integrated data environment synthesizing a Building Information Model and monitored data is presented. Although the paper builds upon a small scale, the case study is methodologically designed to allow parallels to be drawn with much larger construction projects.
Highlights
Information technology (IT) support has been gaining momentum, even in more conservative industries such as the construction sector [1,2]
Standardization bodies, such as buildingSMART, have made great efforts to mould the data structures into opensource file formats, such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) [8], since the standardization is crucial to achieving interoperability among highly specialized tools that engineers use for various analyses
As researchers already successfully demonstrated the integration of sensor data and Building Information Model (BIM) ([46, 47]), the introduction of performance indicators into the IFC format can be expected in the foreseeable future
Summary
Information technology (IT) support has been gaining momentum, even in more conservative industries such as the construction sector [1,2]. Facing ever higher requests to build bigger, higher, faster and more efficiently and with less environmental impact, Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) experts attempt to find different means to tackle the challenges that arise with automatization of construction works’ design, construction, use, and reconstruction or demolition [3] It is well-documented that the AEC industry is undergoing a significant shift away from using 2D and 3D CAD models toward a more enriched digital data structure in the form of a Building Information Model (BIM) [4,5,6]. The means to assess feasibility, suitability, and sustainability of SRM in civil engineering project based long-term monitoring is being examined
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