Digital technology and financial capital

The literature has widely covered the factors that determine the success of entrepreneurial ventures from financial and organizational perspectives. This study intends to tackle how the Financial Capital, the Human Capital, the Social Capital, and the Psychological Capital of the Entrepreneur affect Entrepreneurial Success. Despite that the Financial, Human, and Social Capitals are extensively examined in the literature as they relate to entrepreneurial success, this paper will add the psychological capital of the entrepreneur and examine its effect on entrepreneurial success in Egypt.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Financial Capital, Human Capital, Social Capital, and Psychological Capital on Entrepreneurial Success using a cross-sectional survey. Respondents were the owners and founders of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Cairo, Egypt. The results revealed that Social Capital and Psychological capital had a statistical significance as well as a positive strong relationship with Entrepreneurial success, while the Financial Capital and the Human Capital had statistical insignificance as well as a positive weak to a very weak relationship with Entrepreneurial success respectively.The study findings suggested that entrepreneurial success is strongly connected to the intangible resources of the entrepreneur, which are Social Capital and Psychological Capital, and that the Psychological Capital had the highest impact on Entrepreneurial success. However, the impact of the Financial Capital and Human Capital on Entrepreneurial Success was statistically insignificant.

In the Pacific region, youth sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are strongly influenced by sociocultural and structural factors, which limit access to SRHR information and services for youth. As climate-related disasters intensify in the Pacific, existing challenges to youth SRHR may increase the risk of worse SRHR experiences and outcomes for youth before, during and after disasters. Community-based models of SRHR service provision models increase accessibility for youth in non-disaster times, but there is limited evidence of how community organisations address youth SRHR in disaster contexts. We conducted qualitative interviews with 16 participants from community organisations and networks in Fiji, Vanuatu, and Tonga following the 2020 Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold. Guided by the Recovery Capitals Framework (natural, built, political, cultural, human, social, and financial capitals), we explored how community organisations addressed challenges to facilitate access to youth SRHR information and services. Social capital in the form of peer networks and virtual safe spaces was used to navigate challenges in political, financial, and natural capitals. Existing relationships and trusted collaborations were crucial to address cultural taboos related to youth SRHR. Previous experiences of disasters and knowledge of contexts enabled participants to provide sustainable solutions to identified SRHR needs. The work conducted by community organisations and networks pre-disaster made it easier to identify and address youth SRHR risks following disasters. Our research offers a unique perspective into how social capitals were used to mitigate challenges to youth SRHR across natural, human, financial, cultural, built, and political capitals. Findings offer important opportunities to invest in existing community strengths, for transformative action to advance the SRHR of Pacific youth.

In the Pacific region, youth sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are strongly influenced by sociocultural and structural factors, which limit access to SRHR information and services for youth. As climate-related disasters intensify in the Pacific, existing challenges to youth SRHR may increase the risk of worse SRHR experiences and outcomes for youth before, during and after disasters. Community-based models of SRHR service provision models increase accessibility for youth in non-disaster times, but there is limited evidence of how community organisations address youth SRHR in disaster contexts. We conducted qualitative interviews with 16 participants from community organisations and networks in Fiji, Vanuatu, and Tonga following the 2020 Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold. Guided by the Recovery Capitals Framework (natural, built, political, cultural, human, social, and financial capitals), we explored how community organisations addressed challenges to facilitate access to youth SRHR information and services. Social capital in the form of peer networks and virtual safe spaces was used to navigate challenges in political, financial, and natural capitals. Existing relationships and trusted collaborations were crucial to address cultural taboos related to youth SRHR. Previous experiences of disasters and knowledge of contexts enabled participants to provide sustainable solutions to identified SRHR needs. The work conducted by community organisations and networks pre-disaster made it easier to identify and address youth SRHR risks following disasters. Our research offers a unique perspective into how social capitals were used to mitigate challenges to youth SRHR across natural, human, financial, cultural, built, and political capitals. Findings offer important opportunities to invest in existing community strengths, for transformative action to advance the SRHR of Pacific youth.

This final chapter in Part II, summarizes findings from the interviews with Delhi farmers triangulated with other supporting evidence. It describes social networks and access to resources organized by relational collectives: the different types of people farmers might interact with as part of their livelihoods. In this chapter, relations with other people are described and explored. Other relations included anyone not already discussed in the interview. Other people included peripherals to livelihood sustainability including healthcare, education, and various NGOs and government officials. In this study, other relations provided access to livelihood assets through various forms of human, social, financial, and physical capitals. Power relations with other people relations are contextualized against larger social-political contexts and an attempt is made to quantify power relations. In terms of characterizing the other relations social network, households could: withdraw human, social, physical or financial capital through other relations. Human capital was withdrawn by interactions with others (information) and through health care (wellness). Social capital was withdrawn by interactions with others (relationship building). Physical capital could be withdrawn when households had ID cards and was withdrawn through disaster relief. Financial capital could be withdrawn when households had ID cards. Barriers to household power occurred when “no one comes,” households did not have ID cards, or had applied for ID cards and had not received them, or there was a barrier to applying for ID cards. Other relations provided the potential for households to access a variety of capitals. The ideal other relations social network provided access to multiple capitals. The majority of households (n = 95; 79%) gave enough detail to evaluate network power through other relations. More than one-quarter of households interviewed (n = 27; 28%) were evaluated to have strong network power through other relations: they were able to influence and access various livelihood assets through other people with whom they interacted. But a majority (n = 68; 64%) had weak network power through any relations other than those already discussed during the interview.

Labor migration to urban centers is a common phenomenon in the Panxi region of the southwestern mountainous region of China, mainly owing to inadequate livelihood capital in rural areas. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between labor migration and its causes, such as individual and family characteristics, but few studies have focused on livelihood capital. This paper examines the impact factors on labor migration employment location selection and duration from a household livelihood capital perspective. A case study of 279 households from 10 villages in the area was carried out in February 2016. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. On the basis of the 279 questionnaires, the proportion of households with non-labor migration is 48.4%, whereas households with labor migration within a local city and migration across regions account for 28.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Social, financial, and human capitals are the primary factors that influence migrants’ employment location choice positively. Among them, social capital has a significant impact on both migration within a local city and across regions; each of the regression coefficients is 1.111 and 1.183. Social, human, and financial capitals also have a positive impact on the duration of labor migration, and similarly, social capital is the highest coefficient with 2.489. However, physical capital only partly impacts labor migration across regions, whereas the impact of labor migration within a local city, and the duration, are not significant. Furthermore, the impact of household natural capital on migration space and time are all negative relationships, especially for labor migration across the regions and duration, with coefficient scores of 4.836 and 3.450, respectively. That is to say, a laborer is inclined to migrate within a local city for a short term, or not migrate at all, if natural capital is abundant. Our analysis results show that household livelihood capital has a strong spatio-temporal impact on labor migration.

In African countries such as Ghana, microentrepreneurs make formal economy goods and services available to base of the pyramid (BOP) consumers. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) co-opt BOP business models when they enter the BOP market. We conducted a case study of six MNEs and 36 microentrepreneurs in three key sectors. In two sectors (fast-moving consumer goods and telecommunications), reverse bridging enables MNEs to capture value from BOP business models, which has a negative impact on both the financial and social capital of microentrepreneurs. In the third sector (finance), microentrepreneurs are buffered from the negative effects of co-optation through a process of integrating, which enhances their social capital but reduces their financial capital. Our research contributes to the BOP literature, first by demonstrating that financial and social capital are intertwined at the BOP level, and second by analyzing how the negative effects of co-optation can be cushioned by enhancing microentrepreneurs’ social capital.

What determines success? examining the human, financial, and social capital of jamaican microentrepreneurs

This study explores the impact of financial and social capital on the success of Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) entrepreneurs in India, focusing on how these resources can foster inclusivity in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative interviews with SC and ST entrepreneurs to capture firsthand experiences and quantitative surveys to assess how access to financial and social capital influences their entrepreneurial outcomes. Key findings indicate that limited access to capital and networks remains a significant barrier, while effective utilization of social capital enhances market access and business growth. The study’s insights contribute to theoretical frameworks on social and financial capital, providing evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, financial institutions, and development organizations. These recommendations aim to improve access to essential resources, promote inclusive growth, and support the sustainability of marginalized entrepreneurs in India.

Understanding people's perception of community resilience to disaster is important. This study explores the correlations of household livelihood assets, the adopted household disaster preparedness activities, and individuals' assessment of community resilience. The data was collected in 2018 by surveying a group of survivors affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The CART (Community Advancing Resilience Toolkit) was used to measure individuals' perception of community resilience, while the livelihood assets included financial, physical, natural, human, and social capitals owned by the family, and the preparedness contained 13 activities. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to test our hypotheses. Social capital is consistently and positively associated with the overall individuals' perceived community resilience, while the natural, human, and financial capitals' effects are not significant. The awareness and participation preparedness activities are positively correlated with the perceived community resilience, but the material preparedness activities are not. Social capital and disaster preparedness activities are critical in building community resilience. Community resilience can be achieved by making the community more connected and by providing disaster preparedness interventions.

Humans need livelihood assets for their survival which particularly are related to the resources that are available in their environment and/or can be accessed to meet their needs. Livelihoods assets which are including capabilities, assets, and activities that carry out to support the fulfillment of basic life needs. The Department for International Development (DFID) identifies 5 categories of assets used for livelihoods which consist of human, natural, financial, physical, and social capitals. The majority of people who live in Tongole Village work as farmers, and therefore by the presence of the echo-agro tourism activities, the livelihood assets of the community can increase and/or vary because there are other possible options to increase the economic income earned. The research is aiming to identify the use of livelihood assets by the farmer groups in Komunitas Cengkih Afo. The study has taken place in Tongole village, where the Komunitas Cengkih afo is located. Collecting data is using a purposive sampling method, which refers only to the member of the Komunitas Cengkih Afo. Data on livelihood assets is taken base on the criteria set out according to the pentagon diagram which consists of human, natural, financial, physical, and social capitals. Livelihood assets are categorized in high, medium, and low categories from each respondent. The influence of livelihood assets was analyzed using a scoring method and presented in a pentagon diagram for each capital. Results showed that human, natural, and social capital were the most utilized for all the members, while physical and financial capital was less utilized and/or at the moderate level.

Purpose Women-owned micro-enterprises serve as the backbone of rural communities, significantly contributing to economic development and sustainable growth. However, these enterprises frequently encounter substantial challenges, particularly in accessing financial resources and establishing robust social networks. This study aims to explore the impact of financial capital (FC) and social capital (SC) on the performance of rural women’s micro-enterprises, emphasising the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientations (EO). Design/methodology/approach The survey data was collected from 287 women-owned micro-enterprises using purposive sampling techniques. Further, a quantitative approach entailing the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was adopted to test the hypothesised causal relationships between entrepreneurial factors. Findings The findings show that FC has a moderately positive effect on EO, though it is weaker compared to SC. Furthermore, EO substantially directly impacts FP and highlights its crucial role in enhancing FP. While the analysis did not establish a significant direct relationship between SC and FP, EO fully mediates the pathway by linking SC to FP. Research limitations/implications The study’s findings offer critical insights for policymakers and practitioners designing support programmes for rural women entrepreneurs. Further, interventions should strengthen social networks and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset to facilitate growth and sustainability. Originality/value This study contributes to a complex understanding of the factors driving success in rural women-led micro-enterprises. It addresses their unique challenges and opportunities and offers strategies to support this vital yet often overlooked segment of the economy.

A considerable amount of research has focused on several effects of social capital such as economic benefits, forming human capital, and crime rate. However, less attention has been paid to the mediating effect of social capital on perception of financial well-being. Community social capital's effect on individual perception of financial well-being has also received little attention. This paper seeks the answer to these questions: (1) What are social capital's mediating effects on the perception of financial well-being and household financial capital? (2) What are community social capital, financial capital, and human capital's effects on individual perception of financial well-being? Data for this study came from the Northwest Area Foundation Horizons Cluster Social Capital Survey conducted from 2004 to 2005. The survey covered 36 communities participating in the Northwest Area Foundation Horizons Program. The results of the study approved the mediating effects of social capital on the perception of financial well-being and on the forming of household financial capital. Among three community capitals, only community social capital shows a significant effect on perception of financial well-being. Community social capital also shows a greater effect on perception of financial well-being than that of individual social capital. It illustrates social capital's characteristic as a public good rather than a private property. Distribution of three capitals indicated that social capital is more equally distributed than those of household financial capital and human capital.

The aim of this paper is to review the entrepreneurial models in order to identify most widespread factors of entrepreneurial success. This study comprises descriptive cum analytical research design. Nine models of entrepreneurial success were reviewed that led to three important findings. The first one is the both micro and macro factors, i.e., individual and environment contexts are necessary to build a comprehensive model of entrepreneurial success. The second is all three types of social, financial and human capital are essential to build a complete model that can explain entrepreneurial success in a better way. The third is the opportunity, environment and resources played the strong role; entrepreneur, innovation, management skills, organization and personal motivation played the moderate role while the weak role-played by the other factors as a whole. Based on the results, the study concludes that the recent research agenda of entrepreneurial success are: Do these factors play vital role for entrepreneurial success in the context of developing country like Nepal? Do entrepreneurs equipped with higher financial capital, social capital, and human capital more likely to be successful? What financial capital, social capital, and human capital matters for entrepreneurial success? How do financial, social, and human resources used by entrepreneurs behave and interact?

Piloting a capital-based approach for characterizing and evaluating drivers of island sustainability- An application in Chongming Island

BackgroundThe livelihood of rural households in Ethiopia, like in most developing countries, largely depends on land resource. However, nowadays most rural households are denied access to arable land in the highland of Ethiopia due to high population growth and shortage of arable land. Landlessness is, therefore, becoming a serious social and economic problem in the rural highland areas of Ethiopia in general and Tigrai region in particular. This study, therefore, intends to explore the choice of livelihood strategies of landless rural households and assess the challenges and opportunities of the livelihoods of landless rural households in selected districts of Tigrai region.MethodsThis study is conducted in three randomly selected districts of Tigrai region, namely, Kilte-Awlaelo, Degua-Tembien, and Hintalo-Wajerat districts. For the purpose of this study, two Tabias were randomly chosen from each districts. Then, afterward, both primary and secondary data sources were consulted to address the specific objectives of this study. The primary data were collected from 258 randomly selected households and six focus group discussions. This study used Multivariate Probit and Negative Binomial Regression to analyze factors influencing the choice of livelihood strategies and the number of livelihood options adopted by the landless rural households, respectively.ResultsThis study finds that the livelihood sources of the landless rural households in the study area include farm (90%), non-farm (72%), and off-farm (41%) economic activities. The result of the Multivariate Probit regression indicates that household head characteristics, human capital, social capital, physical capital, financial capital, and institution-related factors were significantly influencing the choice of livelihood strategies of the landless rural households. The results of the negative binomial regression model, on the other hand, assert that household head-related factors, social capital, and institution-related factors were significantly influencing the number of livelihood options adopted by the landless rural households. This study affirms that stone or sand selling, dairy farming, poultry production, animal fattening, and bee keeping are the major opportunities to improve the livelihood of the landless rural households. Moreover, this study also identifies that shortage of arable land, youth unemployment, lack of access to infrastructure, poor land administration, and lack of access to financial capital were the major challenges facing the landless rural households.Concluding remarksThis study concludes that all stakeholders efforts to address the problem of landlessness need to be geared to enhance access of landless rural households to different livelihood capitals, such as human, social, financial, physical, and natural capitals. Moreover, rural township and village enterprises could enhance the access of landless rural households to market and job opportunities.